不知何故,就在今天,我的 seafile 客户端突然抛出了这个错误。我不认为这是 seafile 的问题,因为我的 openssl 也抛出了完全相同的错误:
user@nb-user:~$ echo |openssl s_client -connect seafile.mydomain.ch:443
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = IL, O = StartCom Ltd., OU = Secure Digital Certificate Signing, CN = StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:0
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/description=5RygJ9fx8e2SBLzw/C=CH/ST=Thurgau/L=Frauenfeld/O=mydomain GmbH/CN=*.mydomain.ch/[email protected]
i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA
1 s:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA
i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Certification Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGqzCCBZOgAwIBAgIDAjmGMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMIGMMQswCQYDVQQGEwJJ
TDEWMBQGA1UEChMNU3RhcnRDb20gTHRkLjErMCkGA1UECxMiU2VjdXJlIERpZ2l0
[... some more lines]
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/description=5RygJ9fx8e2SBLzw/C=CH/ST=Thurgau/L=Frauenfeld/O=mydomain GmbH/CN=*.mydomain.ch/[email protected]
issuer=/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 3997 bytes and written 431 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 96E1F6B9E123F8F8C1C1E8FB0DBACDBBE76ECB3E2CF5C46C1FD2CF46833C8212
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 25837E1786B0CC60E676D0694319641CD0887F9CAF48A820F1C0D6ABA6FDE0742551816ACD2A4885B0D3FC143716B1F6
Key-Arg : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 88 15 c0 c5 30 04 63 d6-ff 7c 72 c4 12 84 7b d6 ....0.c..|r...{.
0010 - 73 33 8d 91 7c da ce 22-23 d0 31 fb c1 7f 1c 9c s3..|.."#.1.....
[... some more lines]
Start Time: 1424953937
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
---
DONE
对我来说,链部分看起来完全符合要求。Apache 配置也应该没问题:
root@i-can-haz-data ~ # cat /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/seafile.conf
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerName seafile.mydomain.ch
DocumentRoot /opt/seafile/www
[... seafile specific things]
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/custom/wildcardmydomain.ch.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/custom/wildcardmydomain.ch.key
SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/custom/wildcardmydomain.ch.chain.crt
[... seafile specific things]
</VirtualHost>
我找不到我的问题是什么......(ca-certificates 安装在我的 lubuntu 14.04 上)。他们的网站不适用,因为他们链接了他们的 1 级证书,但我的证书是由他们的 2 级颁发的。
答案1
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
OpenSSL 的此错误意味着程序无法验证证书的颁发者或所提供链的最顶层证书。在某些情况下可能会发生这种情况,例如:
- 证书的证书链不是由另一方提供的,或者没有证书链(它是自签名的)。
- 根证书不在本地受信任的根证书数据库中。
由于未提供受信任根证书的本地数据库,因此 OpenSSL 不会查询该数据库。要明确提供证书路径,请使用
-CApath
或-CAfile
选项。对于 Debian 和 Ubuntu,例如:-CApath /etc/ssl/certs/ -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
从而导致
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -CApath /etc/ssl/certs/ openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
后者需要更多信息。在 Ubuntu 中打开 OpenSSL 的错误报告自2009年以来:
使用 -CApath 似乎将 -CAfile 设置为 /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt 的默认值。
无论你通过 给出什么路径-CApath
,它都可能起作用,因为-CAfile
也设置为其默认值(之前为空)。因此,不要依赖 OpenSSL 的默认证书验证行为通过本地证书数据库,它可能是假的!