依赖：libqtgui4 (>= 4.6.2) 但未安装

Question

我想安装适用于 python 的 Wing IDE。当我执行它时，dpkg向我展示了一些未安装的qt包。我通过 Synaptic Package Manager 安装了其中一些，但其余的找不到。现在的问题是我无法安装 -f、安装或删除任何其他软件包。全部包括以下内容：

root@debian32:/home/saman/Downloads# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libqt4-network : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not installed
 libqt4-sql : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not installed
 libqt4-sql-mysql : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not installed
 libqt4-xml : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not installed
 libqtcore4-perl : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not installed
                   Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not installed
 libqtdbus4 : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not installed
 libqtgui4-perl : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not installed
                  Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not installed
 libsmokeqtcore4-3 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0) but it is not installed
 libsmokeqtgui4-3 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.7.0~beta1) but it is not installed
                    Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.5) but it is not installed
 libsmokeqtnetwork4-3 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.7.0~beta1) but it is not installed
 wingide5 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4.6.2) but it is not installed
            Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4.6.2) but it is not installed
            Depends: libqt4-svg (>= 4.6.2) but it is not installed
            Depends: libqt4-webkit (>= 4.6.2) but it is not installed
            Depends: libqt4-script (>= 4:4.5.3) but it is not installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

现在这对我来说确实是一个大问题，我该如何解决这个问题？

# apt-cache policy libqtcore4
libqtcore4:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3
  Version table:
     4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3 0
        500 http://ftp.tr.debian.org/debian/ stable/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status




# apt-get install libqtcore4
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libqtcore4-perl : Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not going to be installed
 libqtgui4-perl : Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not going to be installed
 libsmokeqtgui4-3 : Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.5) but it is not going to be installed
 ninja-ide : Depends: python-pyinotify but it is not going to be installed
             Depends: python-qt4 but it is not going to be installed
 wingide5 : Depends: libqtgui4 (>= 4.6.2) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libqt4-svg (>= 4.6.2) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libqt4-webkit (>= 4.6.2) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libqt4-script (>= 4:4.5.3) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).



root@debian32:/usr/share/eclipse/dropins# apt-get install libqtgui4
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libqt4-network : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed
 libqt4-sql : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed
 libqt4-sql-mysql : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed
 libqt4-xml : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed
 libqtcore4-perl : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not going to be installed
 libqtdbus4 : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed
 libqtgui4 : Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed
 libqtgui4-perl : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8) but it is not going to be installed
 libsmokeqtcore4-3 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0) but it is not going to be installed
 libsmokeqtgui4-3 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.7.0~beta1) but it is not going to be installed
 libsmokeqtnetwork4-3 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.7.0~beta1) but it is not going to be installed
 ninja-ide : Depends: python-pyinotify but it is not going to be installed
             Depends: python-qt4 but it is not going to be installed
 wingide5 : Depends: libqtcore4 (>= 4.6.2) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libqt4-svg (>= 4.6.2) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libqt4-webkit (>= 4.6.2) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libqt4-script (>= 4:4.5.3) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).




root@debian32:/usr/share/eclipse/dropins# apt-cache policy libqtgui4
libqtgui4:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3
  Version table:
     4:4.8.6+git64-g5dc8b2b+dfsg-3 0
        500 http://ftp.tr.debian.org/debian/ stable/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Answer 1

看起来您已经破坏了依赖关系，以至于 APT 无法解决冲突。您可能需要暂时删除一些软件包或安装不需要的软件包。

暂时禁用非官方软件包源可能会有所帮助。编辑/etc/apt/sources.list或/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*注释掉Wingide和其他非官方包源（#在相应行的开头添加a）。请保留所有官方 Debian 源代码。然后运行apt-get update并重试apt-get -f install。

如果这不起作用，请尝试删除一些非官方软件包。如果您沿着这条路线开始，请记下您已删除但想要重新安装的软件包。如果您安装了 aptitude，则可以使用它来搜索非官方来源的软件包：

apt-cache policy $(aptitude search -F %p '!~Odebian ~i')

借助 aptitude，您还可以在终端中不带参数地启动它，并使用其界面尝试以交互方式解决冲突。如果您目前没有能力，那么安装它可能会很痛苦。您可以手动下载软件包并安装它们，但这需要手动追踪依赖项。dpkg -i FILENAME.deb

由于您是通过安装wingide而陷入这种情况的，请尝试将其删除。

如果取得进展，请apt-get -f install再次运行。

一旦您成功apt-get -f install运行并且没有报告任何错误，请重新启用非官方来源。尝试使用aptitude或apt-get代替 Synaptic；如今，apt-get它在依赖项解析方面比 Aptitude 更好，而 Aptitude 又比 Synaptic 更好，尽管即使使用 Synaptic，您也不应该像以前一样最终遇到系统损坏的情况：除非您手动运行dpkg或使用--force选项，否则这是包管理中的一个错误工具，可能是由非官方软件包中的奇怪现象触发的。

Answer 2

在我尝试了许多 aptitude 选项以及朋友在他们的帖子中建议的方式之后，我遇到了一个令人难以置信的 aptitude 选项：

   -f
       Try hard to fix the dependencies of broken packages, even if it means ignoring the actions requested on the command line.

       This corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken.

使用此选项，我只能删除其中一个未安装的依赖项，从而消除所有其他冲突：

# aptitude -fy remove "one of unmet dependency package names"