我正在为一个我正在建设的非营利组织设置邮件服务器（使用 Postfix、Dovecot 和 Postfixadmin）。
我可以通过 TLS 发送但无法接收邮件。从[电子邮件保护]到[电子邮件保护]，它运行完美。
后缀
/etc/postfix/main.cf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key
# smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
smtpd_tls_CApath = /etc/postfix/certs
smtpd_use_tls = yes
# smtpd_tls_req_ccert = yes
smtpd_tls_ask_ccert = yes
tls_ssl_options = NO_COMPRESSION
tls_high_cipherlist = EDH+CAMELLIA:EDH+aRSA:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH:+CAMELLIA256:+AES256:+CAMELLIA128:+AES128:+SSLv3:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!DSS:!RC4:!SEED:!ECDSA:CAMELLIA256-SHA:AES256-SHA:CAMELLIA128-SHA:AES128-SHA
smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, eNULL, EXPORT, DES, RC4, MD5, PSK, aECDH, EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA, EDH-RSA-DES-CDC3-SHA, KRB5-DE5, CBC3-SHA
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers= high
tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes
smtpd_tls_eecdh_grade = strong
smtpd_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_dh512_param_file = ${config_directory}/dh512.pem
smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file = ${config_directory}/dh2048.pem
#SMTP
smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem
smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
# smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = imap.mydomain.org
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = imap.mydomain.org, ns339435.ip-xx-xxx-xxx.eu, localhost.ip-xx-xxx-xxx.eu, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
# Anti-SPAM rules
# smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
# smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated
# Header checks
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
鸽舍-n
# 2.2.13: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# OS: Linux 3.14.32-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64 x86_64 ext4
auth_mechanisms = plain login
mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir
managesieve_notify_capability = mailto
managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date ihave
namespace inbox {
inbox = yes
location =
mailbox Drafts {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Drafts
}
mailbox Junk {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Junk
}
mailbox Sent {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox "Sent Messages" {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox Trash {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Trash
}
prefix =
}
passdb {
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = sql
}
plugin {
sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve
sieve_dir = ~/sieve
}
protocols = " imap sieve pop3"
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
}
}
service imap-login {
inet_listener imap {
address = *
port = 143
}
inet_listener imaps {
address = *
port = 993
ssl = yes
}
service_count = 1
}
ssl = required
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem
ssl_cipher_list = EDH+CAMELLIA:EDH+aRSA:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH:+CAMELLIA256:+AES256:+CAMELLIA128:+AES128:SSLv3:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!DSS:!RC4:!SEED:!ECDSA:CAMELLIA256-SHA:AES256-SHA:CAMELLIA128-SHA:AES128-SHA
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = yes
ssl_protocols = !SSLv2 !SSLv3 !TLSv1
userdb {
args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/vmail/%d/%n
driver = static
}
protocol lda {
mail_plugins = " sieve"
}
protocol imap {
mail_plugins =
}
运行时tail -f /var/log/mail.log（重新启动 Postfix 和 Dovecot 后），我得到：
Jul 13 14:57:28 ns339435 postfix/master[31748]: terminating on signal 15
Jul 13 14:57:29 ns339435 postfix/master[32671]: daemon started -- version 2.11.3, configuration /etc/postfix
Jul 13 14:57:37 ns339435 dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=32716 uid=0 code=kill)
Jul 13 14:57:37 ns339435 dovecot: imap: Server shutting down. in=679 out=2340
Jul 13 14:57:37 ns339435 dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.2.13 starting up for imap, sieve, pop3 (core dumps disabled)
Jul 13 14:59:21 ns339435 postfix/master[32671]: terminating on signal 15
Jul 13 14:59:22 ns339435 postfix/master[739]: daemon started -- version 2.11.3, configuration /etc/postfix
Jul 13 14:59:38 ns339435 dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=785 uid=0 code=kill)
Jul 13 14:59:38 ns339435 dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.2.13 starting up for imap, sieve, pop3 (core dumps disabled)
Jul 13 14:59:52 ns339435 dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=xx.xxx.xx.xxx, lip=xx.xxx.xxx.xxx, mpid=838, TLS, session=<nucsTMEawwBNxVG2>
编辑：/etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
#smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#smtpd inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o content_filter=spamassassin
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/dovecot-lda -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
这是我使用的邮件帐户配置：
信息地图系统
Server: imap.mydomain.org
Port: 993
User: [email protected]
Security: SSL/TLS
Authentification: Password
邮件传输协议
Server: imap.mydomain.org
Port: 465
User: [email protected]
Security: SSL/TLS
Authentification: Password
谢谢。 ：）
答案1
解决了。
我取消了以下行的注释：
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
我现在可以通过以下配置通过 TLS 发送和接收电子邮件：
信息地图系统
Server: imap.mydomain.org
Port: 993
User: [email protected]
Security: SSL/TLS
Authentification: Password
邮件传输协议
Server: imap.mydomain.org
Port: 465
User: [email protected]
Security: SSL/TLS
Authentification: Password