无法理解 NGINX 配置

无法理解 NGINX 配置

我在正在开发的 Magento 应用程序上收到 403 和 404 错误,我将问题追溯到 NGINX 配置中的两个块,如果我将它们注释掉,问题就会解决,但我想更好地理解我注释掉的内容。

第 1 期

我在访问以下 URL 时遇到了 403 错误

http://www.example.com/media/wysiwyg/.thumbs/wysiwyg/banner.jpg

我猜这是由于下面的代码块造成的,果然,当我将其注释掉时,它就起作用了!

# Deny all attempts to access hidden files
# such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, etc...
location ~ /\. {
    deny all;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
}

现在的问题是我的.gitignore文件现在可以访问了。我该如何更好地重写这个块?这是什么~ /\.意思?

第 2 期

我在访问如下 URL 时遇到了 404 错误:

http://www.example.com/js/gene/braintree/braintree-0.1.js

我发现如果我将此文件的名称更改为,braintree-0.1.min.js我就不会再收到 404 错误,并且当我从 NGINX 中删除下面的块时,它会使用原始名称正常加载,braintree-0.1.js因此它一定与文件名末尾的点有关。

##
# Rewrite for versioned CSS+JS via filemtime
##
location ~* ^.+\.(css|js)$ {
    rewrite ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(css|js)$ $1.$3 last;
    expires 31536000s;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
    add_header Pragma public;
    add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public";
}

我不太清楚这个块的作用或含义~* ^.+\.(css|js)$ ,我确信我只是从推荐它的某个人的博客上摘下来的。知道它在做什么吗?

下面是我的完整 NGINX 配置文件,提前感谢您提供的任何帮助和建议:)

服务器 { # 监听端口 80 以及端口 443 以进行 SSL 连接。 listen 8080; #listen 443 default ssl;

    server_name www.example.com;

    # Specify path to your SSL certificates.
    #ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certificates/yourcertificate.crt;
    #ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certificates/yourcertificate.key;

    # Path to the files in which you wish to
    # store your access and error logs.
    #access_log /path/to/your/logs/access_log;
    #error_log /path/to/your/logs/error_log;

    # If the site is accessed via mydomain.com
    # automatically redirect to www.magento.localhost.com.
    #if ($host = 'example' ) {
        #rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.example/$1permanent;
    #}

    root /var/www/example/;
    auth_basic "Restricted website - authorised access only";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;

    location / {
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        try_files $uri $uri/ @handler;
    }

    #include hhvm.conf;  # INCLUDE HHVM HERE

    # Deny access to specific directories no one
    # in particular needs access to anyways.
    location /app/ { deny all; }
    location /includes/ { deny all; }
    location /lib/ { deny all; }
    location /media/downloadable/ { deny all; }
    location /pkginfo/ { deny all; }
    location /report/config.xml { deny all; }
    location /var/ { deny all; }

    # Allow only those who have a login name and password
    # to view the export folder. Refer to /etc/nginx/htpassword.
    #location /var/export/ {
    #    auth_basic "Restricted";
    #    auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
    #    autoindex on;
    #}

    location ~* /magmi($|/) {
         auth_basic "Restricted website - authorised access only";
         auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
         location ~ \.php$ {
                if (!-e $request_filename) {
                    rewrite / /index.php last;
                }
                expires off;

                # --PHP5-FPM CONFIG START (keep fastcgi_param HTTPS OFF)--
                #fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
                ##fastcgi_param HTTPS $fastcgi_https;
                #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                # --PHP5-FPM CONFIG START--

                # --HHVM CONFIG START--
                fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index  index.php;
                fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                # include        fastcgi_params;
                try_files $uri $uri/ @handler;
                # --HHVM CONFIG END--

                fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_CODE default;
                fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_TYPE store;
                include fastcgi_params;

         }
    }

    # Deny all attempts to access hidden files
    # such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, etc...
    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }

    # This redirect is added so to use Magentos
    # common front handler when handling incoming URLs.
    location @handler {
        rewrite / /index.php;
    }

    # Forward paths such as /js/index.php/x.js
    # to their relevant handler.
    location ~ .php/ {
        rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last;
    }

    ##
    # Rewrite for versioned CSS+JS via filemtime
    ##
    location ~* ^.+\.(css|js)$ {
        rewrite ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(css|js)$ $1.$3 last;
        expires 31536000s;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        add_header Pragma public;
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public";
    }
    ##
    # Aggressive caching for static files
    # If you alter static files often, please use 
    # add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
    ##
    location ~* \.(asf|asx|wax|wmv|wmx|avi|bmp|class|divx|doc|docx|eot|exe|gif|gz|gzip|ico|jpg|jpeg|jpe|mdb|mid|midi|mov|qt|mp3|m4a|mp4|m4v|mpeg|mpg|mpe|mpp|odb|odc|odf|odg|odp|ods|odt|ogg|ogv|otf|pdf|png|pot|pps|ppt|pptx|ra|ram|svg|svgz|swf|tar|t?gz|tif|tiff|ttf|wav|webm|wma|woff|wri|xla|xls|xlsx|xlt|xlw|zip)$ {
        expires 31536000s;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        add_header Pragma public;
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public";
    }

       # Handle the exectution of .php files.
    location ~ .php$ {
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite / /index.php last;
        }
        expires off;

        # --PHP5-FPM CONFIG START (keep fastcgi_param HTTPS OFF)--
        #fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        ##fastcgi_param HTTPS $fastcgi_https;
        #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        # --PHP5-FPM CONFIG START--

        # --HHVM CONFIG START--
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        #include        fastcgi_params;
        try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; 
        # --HHVM CONFIG END--

        fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_CODE default;
        fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_TYPE store;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

答案1

~/. 是什么意思?

这当然在许多教程中都有解释:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/understanding-nginx-server-and-location-block-selection-algorithms

以及官方文档:

http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html

http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/request_processing.html

~ 表示后面跟着一个正则表达式,而不是精确匹配。/. 表示转义点,因此是文字点,而不是正则表达式中的“任意字符”含义。这与 .thumb 的匹配方式类似,就像它与 .htaccess 和 .gitignore 的匹配方式一样

我怎样才能更好地重写这个块?

通过让它匹配您想要匹配的内容。例如,如果您只关心 .gitignore,您可以这样做:

~ /\.gitignore

我不太清楚这个块的作用或 ~* ^.+.(css|js)$ 是什么意思,我确信我只是从推荐它的某个人的博客上摘下来的。知道它在做什么吗?

当然,如果你花一点时间理解正则表达式,你也会这样做。

您现在知道 ~ 表示后面跟着一个正则表达式。星号表示正则表达式不区分大小写。其余部分可以通过许多方便的在线工具来解释,例如:

https://regex101.com/

你把正则表达式放进去,然后输入你要匹配的字符串,也就是你的 js url。然后它会告诉你:

^ 断言字符串开头的位置

.+ 匹配任何字符(换行符除外)

量词:+ 一次至无限次之间,尽可能多次,根据需要返回 [贪婪]

. 逐字匹配字符 .

第一个捕获组 (css|js)

第一种方案:

css css 按字面意思匹配字符 css (区分大小写)

第二种选择:js

js 按字面意思匹配字符 js (区分大小写)

$ 断言字符串末尾的位置

你可能也想问如何改进这一点。这取决于你到底想实现什么。

这里的教训是:

1) 学习一些 RegExp 2) 不要只是“从推荐它的人的博客上删除它”这在 IT 世界中是危险的。

不要阅读随机博客,请尝试遵循(某种程度上)官方文档:

https://wiki.magento.com/display/m1wiki/Configuring+nginx+for+Magento+1.x

https://github.com/magenx/nginx-config/blob/master/magento/nginx.conf

Magento 2:https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/develop/nginx.conf.sample

相关内容