我让 smartd 定期检查我的硬盘。最近我收到通知，我的一个硬盘的简短自检失败了。
smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-3.16.0-0.bpo.4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital RE4
Device Model: WDC WD1003FBYX-01Y7B0
Serial Number: WD-WCAW31677053
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 25b0c013e
Firmware Version: 01.01V01
User Capacity: 1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Mon Dec 7 13:13:22 2015 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x85) Offline data collection activity
was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (16680) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 172) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x303f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 1
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 176 173 021 Pre-fail Always - 4191
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 37
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 070 070 000 Old_age Always - 21991
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 37
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 35
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 1
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 110 088 000 Old_age Always - 37
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21981 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 21972 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21963 -
# 4 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 21934 4631341
# 5 Short offline Completed: read failure 50% 21933 4631341
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21909 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21885 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21861 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21837 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21813 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21789 -
#12 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 21769 -
#13 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21765 -
#14 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21742 -
#15 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21718 -
#16 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21694 -
#17 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21670 -
#18 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21646 -
#19 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21622 -
#20 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 21602 -
#21 Short offline Completed without error 00% 21598 -
2 of 2 failed self-tests are outdated by newer successful extended offline self-test # 2
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
然后我开始了扩展的离线自检，它也因为同一 LBA 上的读取失败而中止。然后我从 mdadm-raid 中移除磁盘并开始使用坏块进行破坏性测试 - 它通过了三次，令人惊讶的是没有发现任何错误。经过另一次自检后，日志错误计数减少到 0。
我的硬盘是不是在欺骗我？（这是 Western Digital RE4。）它没有报告 Current_Pending_Sector、Offline_Uncorrectable 或 Reallocated_Event_Count。它在 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 处报告 1，在 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 处报告 1，但现在又回到了 0。
我将更换驱动器，但我不确定是否应该过度考虑扩展离线自检是否可靠的假设。
答案1
您的 SMART 状态现在是否报告重新分配的扇区？您进行了破坏性测试，即写入。当驱动器发现无法写入的扇区时，它将重新分配它们。密切关注改变这个 SMART 值很重要。
一般来说，SMART 发现错误的情况比制造错误的情况要多。自我测试和重新分配扇区是更可靠的参数，因此您的驱动器可能正在“崩溃”（正在走向“崩溃” :)）。