我安装的是CentOS7而不是Ubuntu。
我还安装了 Windows 8。
安装 CentOS7 后，我无法运行 Windows。
我的笔记本电脑：华硕 R510J
启动脚本：
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT16
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda1 starts
at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk,
sda1 starts at sector 2048.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda6: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda7: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: xfs
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files: /grub2/grub.cfg
sda8: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: LVM2_member
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
centos-root': __________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
mount: unknown filesystem type ''
centos-swap': __________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
mount: unknown filesystem type ''
mount: unknown filesystem type ''
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 1 937,703,087 937,703,087 ee GPT
GUID Partition Table detected.
Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sda1 2,048 206,847 204,800 EFI System partition
/dev/sda2 206,848 2,050,047 1,843,200 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows)
/dev/sda3 2,050,048 2,312,191 262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows)
/dev/sda4 2,312,192 195,117,055 192,804,864 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda5 377,391,104 906,223,615 528,832,512 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda6 906,223,616 937,701,375 31,477,760 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows)
/dev/sda7 195,117,056 196,141,055 1,024,000 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda8 196,141,056 376,244,223 180,103,168 Logical Volume Manager (LVM) partition (Linux)
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/mapper/centos-root 8fd14e11-094d-4eb3-962a-f59e92fbb93a xfs
/dev/mapper/centos-swap 08c14e2d-e869-4185-8604-802330769b3f swap
/dev/sda1 44E0-3EBB vfat
/dev/sda2 A26E27356E2701A1 ntfs Recovery
/dev/sda3
/dev/sda4 8C7A1FC27A1FA7CA ntfs OS
/dev/sda5 445E1D585E1D43D8 ntfs Data
/dev/sda6 8E082DDA082DC257 ntfs Restore
/dev/sda7 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be xfs
/dev/sda8 EIKhsp-vfTS-ONfc-3vQ9-Wpfr-Ob2w-pYCTaM LVM2_member
========================= "ls -R /dev/mapper/" output: =========================
/dev/mapper:
centos-root
centos-swap
control
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
/dev/sda1 /boot/efi vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sda7 /boot xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
============================= sda7/grub2/grub.cfg: =============================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
set pager=1
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="${saved_entry}"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
terminal_output console
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
set tuned_params=""
### END /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then
source ${prefix}/user.cfg
if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
set superusers="root"
export superusers
password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (4.5.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.5.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64-advanced-8fd14e11-094d-4eb3-962a-f59e92fbb93a' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
fi
linuxefi /vmlinuz-4.5.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau
initrdefi /initramfs-4.5.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.13.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.13.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-8fd14e11-094d-4eb3-962a-f59e92fbb93a' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
fi
linuxefi /vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.13.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau
initrdefi /initramfs-3.10.0-327.13.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-8fd14e11-094d-4eb3-962a-f59e92fbb93a' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
fi
linuxefi /vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau
initrdefi /initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-2cc685281d934fa0a98912fc50f1893d) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-2cc685281d934fa0a98912fc50f1893d-advanced-8fd14e11-094d-4eb3-962a-f59e92fbb93a' {
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7eb2363a-e4fe-49eb-b437-49935fde30be
fi
linuxefi /vmlinuz-0-rescue-2cc685281d934fa0a98912fc50f1893d root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet rdblacklist=nouveau
initrdefi /initramfs-0-rescue-2cc685281d934fa0a98912fc50f1893d.img
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
#menuentry "Windows 8" {
# set root='(hd0,2)'
# chainloader +1
#}
menuentry "Windows 8" {
insmod part_gpt
insmod chain
set root='(hd0,gpt3)'
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
#menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader)' {
# insmod part_msdos
# insmod ntfs
# set root='hd0,msdos1'
# ntldr /bootmgr
#}
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sda7: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ========================
Unknown BootLoader on centos-root'
Unknown BootLoader on centos-swap'
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-S4HqYaMe/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
Failed to find logical volume "centos/root'"
Failed to find logical volume "centos/root'"
Failed to find logical volume "centos/root'"
hexdump: /dev/mapper/centos-root': No such file or directory
hexdump: stdin: Bad file descriptor
hexdump: /dev/mapper/centos-root': No such file or directory
hexdump: all input file arguments failed
Failed to find logical volume "centos/swap'"
Failed to find logical volume "centos/swap'"
Failed to find logical volume "centos/swap'"
hexdump: /dev/mapper/centos-swap': No such file or directory
hexdump: stdin: Bad file descriptor
hexdump: /dev/mapper/centos-swap': No such file or directory
hexdump: all input file arguments failed
mdadm: No arrays found in config file or automatically
fdisk -l ：
➜ ~ sudo fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 206847 100M EFI System EFI System Partition
2 206848 2050047 900M Windows recover Basic data partition
3 2050048 2312191 128M Microsoft reser Microsoft reserved partition
4 2312192 195117055 92G Microsoft basic Basic data partition
5 377391104 906223615 252.2G Microsoft basic Basic data partition
6 906223616 937701375 15G Windows recover Basic data partition
7 195117056 196141055 500M Microsoft basic
8 196141056 376244223 85.9G Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 6308 MB, 6308233216 bytes, 12320768 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes, 7831552 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 128 7831551 3915712 b W95 FAT32
sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ：
➜ ~ sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.5.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.5.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.13.1.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.13.1.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-2cc685281d934fa0a98912fc50f1893d
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-2cc685281d934fa0a98912fc50f1893d.img
done
和 /etc/grub.d/40_custom 文件：
#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
#menuentry "Windows 8" {
# set root='(hd0,6)'
# chainloader +1
#}
#menuentry "Windows 8" {
# insmod part_gpt
# insmod chain
# set root='(hd0,gpt1)'
# chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
#}
#menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader)' {
# insmod part_msdos
# insmod ntfs
# set root='hd0,msdos1'
# chainloader +1
# ntldr /bootmgr
#}
menuentry "Windows 8" {
insmod part_gpt
insmod ntfs
insmod search_fs_uuid
insmod chain
chainloader /EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
}
我尝试了很多分区名称或链加载器的混合。我读到有人在安装 CentOS7 后遇到 EFI 启动名称错误的问题。我也尝试将正确的 EFI 文件复制到可启动的 Windows 分区中
➜ ~ sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 的返回始终相同。
无论如何，在 BIOS 中我添加了可从 uefi 启动选项，Windows 8 显示在 grub 中，但选择后：
当我点击“e”时：
我也尝试更改根分区和链加载器。
我已经安装了 ntfs-3d、epel 和其他一切来运行它。我可以从 Centos 看到 Windows 文件。
我很高兴获得任何帮助。如果可能的话我不想重新安装Windows或CentOS......
答案1
找到 bootmgfw.efi 所在的正确分区，并相应地设置根分区。要找到 bootmgfw.efi 所在的分区，请进入 grub 救援模式（按'e'进而F2），然后输入LS。这将显示分区（windows 和 centos）。通过反复试验，尝试通过给出 sayls (hd0,gpt1)等来定位 bootmgfw.efi。找到包含 bootmgfw.efi 的分区后，在行中指定该分区set root=。然后，这应该找到 Windows efi 启动管理器并允许您启动到 Windows。