我有一台具有六个网络接口的迷你电脑，运行带有内核 3.10 的 CentOS 7.2，并进行了最小安装。
我想将我的接口命名为 net0-net5。为此，我尝试遵循此处提到的建议：http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames/
上面的文章指出，为了重命名我的接口，我需要创建 .link 文件并将其放在 /etc/systemd/network 中。这是人们需要按照 systemd-networkd 重命名其网络接口的新方法。
然而我发现，systemd-networkd 服务无法启动，并且如果没有运行此服务，我认为我根本无法命名我的接口。
请参阅以下内容：
systemctl --failed -l
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
<E2><97><8F> systemd-networkd.service loaded failed failed Network Service
<E2><97><8F> systemd-networkd.socket loaded failed failed networkd rtnetlink so
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
2 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
systemctl status systemd-networkd -l
��● systemd-networkd.service - Network Service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Tue 2011-05-10 01:45:45 UTC; 32min ago
Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
Process: 317 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-networkd (code=exited, status=226/NAMESPACE)
Main PID: 317 (code=exited, status=226/NAMESPACE)
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: Unit systemd-networkd.service entered failed state.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service failed.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service has no holdoff time, scheduling restart.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for systemd-networkd.service
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: Failed to start Network Service.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: Unit systemd-networkd.service entered failed state.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service failed.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for systemd-networkd.service
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: Failed to start Network Service.
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: systemd-networkd.service failed.
systemctl status systemd-networkd.socket -l
��● systemd-networkd.socket - networkd rtnetlink socket
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.socket; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: service-failed-permanent) since Tue 2011-05-10 01:45:45 UTC; 39min ago
Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
man:rtnetlink(7)
Listen: route 273 (Netlink)
May 10 01:45:45 localhost systemd[1]: Unit systemd-networkd.socket entered failed state.
Warning: Journal has been rotated since unit was started. Log output is incomplete or unavailable.
我应该提到 NetworkManager 和 DHClient 均未安装。由于这是最小安装，因此我想展示正在运行的进程：
ps -ax
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:09 /init
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
7 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
8 ? S /0]
10 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/1]
11 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/2]
12 ? S 0:00 [rcuob/3]
13 ? S 0:00 [rcu_sched]
14 ? S 0:00 [rcuos/0]
15 ? S 0:00 [rcuos/1]
16 ? S 0:00 [rcuos/2]
17 ? S 0:00 [rcuos/3]
18 ? S 0:00 [watchdog/0]
19 ? S 0:00 [watchdog/1]
20 ? S 0:00 [migration/1]
21 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
23 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/1:0H]
24 ? S< 0:00 [khelper]
25 ? S 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
26 ? S< 0:00 [netns]
27 ? S< 0:00 [perf]
28 ? S< 0:00 [writeback]
29 ? S< 0:00 [kintegrityd]
30 ? S< 0:00 [bioset]
31 ? S< 0:00 [kblockd]
32 ? S< 0:00 [md]
33 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
34 ? S 0:00 [kworker/1:1]
38 ? S 0:00 [khungtaskd]
39 ? S 0:00 [kswapd0]
40 ? SN 0:00 [ksmd]
41 ? SN 0:00 [khugepaged]
42 ? S 0:00 [fsnotify_mark]
43 ? S< 0:00 [crypto]
51 ? S< 0:00 [kthrotld]
54 ? S< 0:00 [kmpath_rdacd]
55 ? S 0:00 [kworker/1:2]
56 ? S< 0:00 [kpsmoused]
57 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:2]
58 ? S< 0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
77 ? S< 0:00 [deferwq]
89 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
96 ? S< 0:00 [rpciod]
109 ? S 0:00 [kauditd]
110 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/lvmetad -f
131 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
160 ? S< 0:00 [events_power_ef]
164 ? S< 0:00 [ata_sff]
166 ? S 0:17 [kworker/u8:3]
167 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
169 ? S< 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
172 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
173 ? S< 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
174 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u8:4]
175 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
176 ? S< 0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
177 ? S 0:00 [scsi_eh_3]
178 ? S< 0:00 [scsi_tmf_3]
181 ? S< 0:00 [kvm-irqfd-clean]
208 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/0:1H]
209 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/1:1H]
213 ? S 0:00 [jbd2/sda1-8]
214 ? S< 0:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
215 ? S< 0:00 [ext4-unrsv-conv]
235 ? S<sl 0:00 /sbin/auditd -n
260 ? SNs 0:00 /usr/sbin/alsactl -s -n 19 -c -E ALSA_CONFIG_PATH=/et
262 ? SNsl 0:00 /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon
263 ? Ss 0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork
268 ? Ss 0:00 avahi-daemon: running [linux.local]
269 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --no
270 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
279 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/gpm -m /dev/input/mice -t exps2
280 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/irqbalance --foreground
281 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
282 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/sbin/gssproxy -D
284 ? S 0:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper
500 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
503 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
510 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
512 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.
519 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
546 tty1 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
547 ? Ss 0:00 login -- mini
976 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
1022 ? S 0:00 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/de
1023 ? S 0:00 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/de
1025 ttyS0 Ss 0:00 -bash
1057 ttyS0 S 0:00 su -
1058 ttyS0 S 0:00 -bash
1093 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
15547 ttyS0 R+ 0:00 ps -ax
我发现一件有趣的事情是 /init 被列为 PID 1，但 ps -p 1 -o comm= 显示我正在运行 systemd。另外：
[root@localhost tmp]# pstree
systemd-+-agetty
|-alsactl
|-anacron
|-auditd---{auditd}
|-avahi-daemon---avahi-daemon
|-crond
|-dbus-daemon
|-dnsmasq---dnsmasq
|-firewalld---{firewalld}
|-gpm
|-gssproxy---5*[{gssproxy}]
|-irqbalance
|-libvirtd---15*[{libvirtd}]
|-login---bash---su---bash---pstree
|-lvmetad
|-polkitd---5*[{polkitd}]
|-rsyslogd---2*[{rsyslogd}]
|-rtkit-daemon---2*[{rtkit-daemon}]
|-sshd
|-systemd-journal
|-systemd-logind
|-systemd-udevd
|-tuned---4*[{tuned}]
`-xinetd
如果您能告诉我该怎么做才能让 systemd-networkd.service 和 systemd-networkd.socket 成功加载，我将不胜感激。
答案1
它以 退出226/NAMESPACE，这通常意味着它无法进入命名空间来启用.service文件中指定的保护。
至少有两种方法可以解决这个问题。
这是简单但不太安全的方法。
复制/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service到/etc/systemd/system/，用你喜欢的编辑器打开副本，然后删除以 开头的行Protect。这将禁用沙盒，并应允许其启动。
更先进但更安全
使用 重新编译内核CONFIG_NAMESPACES=y。