使用“service nginx start”会导致 Nginx 挂起

Question

我已经为我的生产服务器编译了具有自定义路径的 nginx，当我尝试使用以下命令启动/重新启动服务：

service nginx start

或者

service nginx restart

它进入一个新行，但不返回 shell：

所以问题是我无法使用service命令控制 nginx。该服务实际上运行了，但它不会向我返回 shell，所以我总是必须按ctrl+c才能将其取回。

我还必须提到，当通过其自己的nginx命令调用 nginx 时，它运行良好，并且可以轻松使用 停止或重新加载nginx -s stop/reload。

使用时此问题systemctl start nginx仍然存在，但systemctl stop nginx运行正常。

信息：

$ lsb_release -a
    Distributor ID: Ubuntu
    Description:    Ubuntu 15.10
    Release:    15.10
    Codename:   wily

$ uname -r
    4.2.0-27-generic

$ nginx -V
    nginx version: nginx/1.9.11
    built by gcc 5.2.1 20151010 (Ubuntu 5.2.1-22ubuntu2) 
    built with OpenSSL 1.0.2d 9 Jul 2015
    TLS SNI support enabled
    configure arguments: --sbin-path=/usr/bin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --with-debug --with-pcre --with-http_ssl_module

$ cat /etc/default/nginx
    NGINX_CONF_FILE=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    DAEMON=/usr/bin/nginx

$ cat /etc/init.d/nginx
    NGINX_BIN=/usr/bin/nginx
    test -x $NGINX_BIN || { echo "$NGINX_BIN not installed"; 
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
        else exit 5; fi; }
    NGINX_PID=/var/run/nginx.pid

    # Check for existence of needed config file and read it
    #NGINX_CONFIG=/etc/sysconfig/nginx
    #test -r $NGINX_CONFIG || { echo "$NGINX_CONFIG not existing";
    #   if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
    #   else exit 6; fi; }
    #
    # Read config   
    #. $NGINX_CONFIG

    # Source LSB init functions
    # providing start_daemon, killproc, pidofproc, 
    # log_success_msg, log_failure_msg and log_warning_msg.
    # This is currently not used by UnitedLinux based distributions and
    # not needed for init scripts for UnitedLinux only. If it is used,
    # the functions from rc.status should not be sourced or used.
    #. /lib/lsb/init-functions

    # Shell functions sourced from /etc/rc.status:
    #      rc_check         check and set local and overall rc status
    #      rc_status        check and set local and overall rc status
    #      rc_status -v     be verbose in local rc status and clear it afterwards
    #      rc_status -v -r  ditto and clear both the local and overall rc status
    #      rc_status -s     display "skipped" and exit with status 3
    #      rc_status -u     display "unused" and exit with status 3
    #      rc_failed        set local and overall rc status to failed
    #      rc_failed <num>  set local and overall rc status to <num>
    #      rc_reset         clear both the local and overall rc status
    #      rc_exit          exit appropriate to overall rc status
    #      rc_active        checks whether a service is activated by symlinks
    . /etc/rc.status

    # Reset status of this service
    rc_reset

    # Return values acc. to LSB for all commands but status:
    # 0   - success
    # 1       - generic or unspecified error
    # 2       - invalid or excess argument(s)
    # 3       - unimplemented feature (e.g. "reload")
    # 4       - user had insufficient privileges
    # 5       - program is not installed
    # 6       - program is not configured
    # 7       - program is not running
    # 8--199  - reserved (8--99 LSB, 100--149 distrib, 150--199 appl)
    # 
    # Note that starting an already running service, stopping
    # or restarting a not-running service as well as the restart
    # with force-reload (in case signaling is not supported) are
    # considered a success.

    case "$1" in
        start)
        echo -n "Starting nginx "
        ## Start daemon with startproc(8). If this fails
        ## the return value is set appropriately by startproc.
        /sbin/startproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_BIN

        # Remember status and be verbose
        rc_status -v
        ;;
        stop)
        echo -n "Shutting down nginx "
        ## Stop daemon with killproc(8) and if this fails
        ## killproc sets the return value according to LSB.

        /sbin/killproc -p $NGINX_PID -TERM $NGINX_BIN

        # Remember status and be verbose
        rc_status -v
        ;;
        try-restart|condrestart)
        ## Do a restart only if the service was active before.
        ## Note: try-restart is now part of LSB (as of 1.9).
        ## RH has a similar command named condrestart.
        if test "$1" = "condrestart"; then
            echo "${attn} Use try-restart ${done}(LSB)${attn} rather than condrestart ${warn}(RH)${norm}"
        fi
        $0 status
        if test $? = 0; then
            $0 restart
        else
            rc_reset    # Not running is not a failure.
        fi
        # Remember status and be quiet
        rc_status
        ;;
        restart)
        ## Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
        ## running or not, start it again.
        $0 stop
        $0 start

        # Remember status and be quiet
        rc_status
        ;;
        force-reload)
        ## Signal the daemon to reload its config. Most daemons
        ## do this on signal 1 (SIGHUP).
        ## If it does not support it, restart the service if it
        ## is running.

        echo -n "Reload service nginx "
        ## if it supports it:
        /sbin/killproc -p $NGINX_PID -HUP $NGINX_BIN
        #touch /run/nginx.pid
        rc_status -v

        ## Otherwise:
        #$0 try-restart
        #rc_status
        ;;
        reload)
        ## Like force-reload, but if daemon does not support
        ## signaling, do nothing (!)

        # If it supports signaling:
        echo -n "Reload service nginx "
        /sbin/killproc -p $NGINX_PID -HUP $NGINX_BIN
        #touch /run/nginx.pid
        rc_status -v

        ## Otherwise if it does not support reload:
        #rc_failed 3
        #rc_status -v
        ;;
        reopen)
            echo -n "Reopen the logfiles "
            /sbin/killproc -p $NGINX_PID -USR1 $NGINX_BIN
            rc_status -v
            ;;

        status)
        echo -n "Checking for service nginx "
        ## Check status with checkproc(8), if process is running
        ## checkproc will return with exit status 0.

        # Return value is slightly different for the status command:
        # 0 - service up and running
        # 1 - service dead, but /run/  pid  file exists
        # 2 - service dead, but /var/lock/ lock file exists
        # 3 - service not running (unused)
        # 4 - service status unknown :-(
        # 5--199 reserved (5--99 LSB, 100--149 distro, 150--199 appl.)

        # NOTE: checkproc returns LSB compliant status values.
        /sbin/checkproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_BIN
        # NOTE: rc_status knows that we called this init script with
        # "status" option and adapts its messages accordingly.
        rc_status -v
        ;;
        probe)
        ## Optional: Probe for the necessity of a reload, print out the
        ## argument to this init script which is required for a reload.
        ## Note: probe is not (yet) part of LSB (as of 1.9)

        test /etc/nginx/nginx.conf -nt /run/nginx.pid && echo reload
        ;;
        *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|try-restart|restart|force-reload|reload|probe}"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac
    rc_exit

更新：在 CoreOS alpha 上使用 Docker 容器时该问题仍然存在。

更新2strace -o log -f service nginx start：以下是和的输出journalctl -xe：

strace -o log -f service nginx start 日志输出 [太长，无法在此处发布]

---

    journalctl -xe
    Feb 26 07:25:38 lucifer polkitd(authority=local)[870]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:8181:8813595 (system bus name :1.77 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback], o
Feb 26 07:25:38 lucifer systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit nginx.service has begun starting up.
Feb 26 07:25:38 lucifer nginx[8211]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Feb 26 07:25:38 lucifer nginx[8211]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Feb 26 07:25:38 lucifer systemd[1]: nginx.service: PID file /var/run/nginx.pid not readable (yet?) after start: No such file or directory
Feb 26 07:25:43 lucifer polkitd(authority=local)[870]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:8181:8813595 (system bus name :1.77, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authen

Answer 1

我在源代码中遇到了与 Ubuntu 16.04、systemd 和 NginX 1.10.1 相同的问题。

我使用的是默认nginx.service文件： https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

问题出在nginx.pid位置上。为了解决这个问题，我：

1. 在没有服务的情况下启动 Nginx

   sudo nginx start
   

2. 更新了定位数据库

   sudo updatedb
   

3. 找到 pid 文件的位置

   locate "nginx.pid"
   

4. 将 nginx.service 文件更新到我找到它的位置

   PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
   

   （不知道为什么它存储在我的日志目录中......）

5. 然后运行 ​​daemon-reload 重新加载nginx.service文件

   systemctl daemon-reload
   

之后，systemctl start nginx一切就都好了。希望这对你有帮助。

Answer 2

由于以下错误它挂起了：

PID file /var/run/nginx.pid not readable (yet?) after start

较新的 Linux 发行版附带systemd。如果您使用与发行版捆绑在一起的服务，那么您将已经为 systemd 配置了它。

由于您正在从源代码编译 nginx，并且您正在使用 SysV init 文件（/etc/init.d/nginx），systemd 将使用生成器来解析它（systemd-sysv-生成器）。

在您的 SysV 脚本中，您定义 pid 文件并使用以下命令启动该进程：

NGINX_PID=/var/run/nginx.pid
...
/sbin/startproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_BIN

如果我没记错的话，你在 Ubuntu 上使用了一个 SUSE Linux 初始化脚本（因为启动过程命令），startproc 命令只读取 pid 文件（由-p由于 systemd 无法找到 pid 文件，因此它会挂起。

对于你的情况，解决方案要么是在 SysV init 脚本中创建 pid 文件（在/var/运行/nginx.pid位置），使用 Ubuntu SysV init 脚本，或者 systemd 脚本。

当您拥有正确的 SysV init 脚本并创建 pid 文件时，也可能会发生这种情况（不是您遇到的情况），但该文件与文件顶部注释的文件不同。systemd 生成器会读取注释，例如这个：

# pidfile: /var/run/nginxd.pid

并使用那里定义的pidfile。

更多信息：

• nginx启动脚本用于 SysV init、systemd 等。
• SysV 生成器处理pidfile 注释。
• systemd 如何读SysV 启动脚本。
• SysV 生成器手册页。
• 启动过程来源代码（SUSE FTP 站点）。

Answer 3

听起来像是/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service格式错误。请确保设置了此行：

PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid

或者，您可以将该[Service]部分复制到名为 的新文件中/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service。放置在 中的单元文件/etc/systemd/system允许您覆盖部分，而无需复制包管理器安装的整个文件。

Answer 4

灵感https://serverfault.com/a/788576和https://askubuntu.com/a/733604

Ubuntu 20.04

我改变了两件事

首先：我运行了 service NetworkManager-wait

sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service
sudo systemctl start NetworkManager-wait-online.service

第二：我在路径 PIDFile （和 pidfile）前缀中添加了var

[Service]
...
PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid
...
ExecStop=-/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid
..