我有一台 VirtualBox Ubuntu VM，其中的虚拟磁盘以只读文件系统的形式挂载。我不知道为什么会这样，我尝试将其重新挂载为读/写文件系统，但没有成功。
在它变成只读之前我做的最后一件事是扩展磁盘的大小。我所做的是：
- （来自 Mac 主机系统）用于
VBoxManage modifymedium —resize扩展 VM 磁盘映像， - 从 GParted ISO 启动客户系统，并使用它将新空间加入到我现有的主分区中，
- 正常启动到客户系统，然后
- 运行
lvresize并将resize2fs文件系统扩展到新的空间。
实际上，这是我第二次这样做了，而且似乎运行良好。我在机器上运行了一个占用大量空间的进程。这是我记得在遇到这个只读模式问题之前做的最后一件成功的事情。
我在 dmesg 中没有看到任何与文件系统问题或进入只读模式的原因有关的信息。我看到的是：
[ 1.809918] EXT4-fs (dm-0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 2.230023] Adding 524284k swap on /dev/mapper/trails-swap_1. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:524284k
[ 2.242615] EXT4-fs (dm-0): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/proc/cmdline 显示相同的命令。
我已经尝试了 mount 命令的不同组合参数，例如：
$ sudo mount -o remount,rw
$ sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/mapper/trails-root
$ sudo mount -o remount,rw -t ext3 /dev/sda5 /
不确定我应该寻找什么，但是我没有从这些中得到任何输出。
启动到恢复模式并执行 fsck 运行没有问题。
如果我在启动时进入 GRUB 选项并删除“ro”，我仍然会处于只读模式。
fdisk 说调整大小分区上的两个 LVM 卷不包含有效的分区表。
以下是一些可能有用的命令的输出：
$ sudo more /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/mapper/trails-root / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/mapper/trails-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 59.1 GB, 59055800320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7179 cylinders, total 115343360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005deaa
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501758 115343359 57420801 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 501760 115343359 57420800 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/trails-root: 58.3 GB, 58258882560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7082 cylinders, total 113786880 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/trails-root doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/trails-swap_1: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65 cylinders, total 1048576 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/trails-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
$ sudo pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name trails
PV Size 54.76 GiB / not usable 2.81 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 14018
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 14018
PV UUID ew9UUW-fJbf-I4o1-otM3-Rpeg-nyK6-0Hn0ol
/etc/lvm/cache/.cache.tmp: fopen failed: No space left on device
$ sudo vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name trails
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 9
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 54.76 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 14018
Alloc PE / Size 14018 / 54.76 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID wZqfAM-DgIg-Z1P1-TSqi-iycL-O2pL-s2x8fU
Couldn't create temporary archive name.
Volume group "trails" metadata archive failed.
Couldn't create temporary archive name.
Volume group "trails" metadata archive failed.
Couldn't create temporary text file name.
Backup of volume group trails metadata failed.
/etc/lvm/cache/.cache.tmp: fopen failed: No space left on device
$ sudo lvm
lvm> lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
root trails -wi-ao 54.26g
swap_1 trails -wi-ao 512.00m
$ sudo lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/trails/root
VG Name trails
LV UUID cfACOE-8PCl-jZye-dIZW-KOaS-dnOD-RwO8Ek
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 54.26 GiB
Current LE 13890
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/trails/swap_1
VG Name trails
LV UUID EqcxJH-jOdB-NLIW-fDNi-vWn4-nWbe-feFRM6
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 512.00 MiB
Current LE 128
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:1
/etc/lvm/cache/.cache.tmp: fopen failed: No space left on device
够了吗？（太多了？）
我不知道接下来该怎么办。非常感谢您的帮助！
答案1
我已经达到了 inode 限制。
$ tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/trails-root | grep -i inode
...
Inode count: 3549600
Free inodes: 0
...