无法 ping 通某个网络接口

无法 ping 通某个网络接口

设置

ubuntu linux VM(virtual-box)配置了两个接口,eth0eth1

eth0位于桥接网络上并直接连接到外部网络。

eth1位于“nat 网络”上,该网络也连接到外部网络。

问题

无法通过 eth0 进行 ping 操作。能够通过 TCP 连接到主机。

ping -I eth0  -c2 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.1.238) from 10.254.185.16 eth0: 56(84) bytes of data.
From company.com (10.254.185.16) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From company.com (10.254.185.16) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

--- google.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 1008ms
pipe 2


telnet -b 10.254.185.16 google.com 80
Trying 172.217.1.238...
Connected to google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.

ping 通过 eth1(默认路由)正常工作。

ping -I eth1  -c2 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.1.238) from 10.0.2.4 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from lax17s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.1.238): icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=11.5 ms
64 bytes from lax17s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.1.238): icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=11.3 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 11.310/11.446/11.582/0.136 ms

细节

默认路由是通过 eth1。

route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         10.0.2.1        0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1
10.0.2.0        *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1
10.254.184.0    *               255.255.248.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
192.168.122.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0


ip route
default via 10.0.2.1 dev eth1
10.0.2.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.0.2.4
10.254.184.0/21 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.254.185.16
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.122.1

eth0 通过另一个路由表配置

ip route show table eth0
default via 10.254.184.1 dev eth0
10.254.184.0/21 dev eth0  scope link  src 10.254.185.16


ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:6f:a1:e6
inet addr:10.254.185.16  Bcast:10.254.191.255     Mask:255.255.248.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6f:a1e6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:2123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1280 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:237141 (237.1 KB)  TX bytes:225214 (225.2 KB)


iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:domain
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:domain
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:bootps
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:bootps

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             192.168.122.0/24     ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT     all  --  192.168.122.0/24     anywhere
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:bootpc

IP 规则

ip rule
0:  from all lookup local
32763:  from all to 10.246.240.0/20 lookup eth0
32764:  from 10.246.240.0/20 lookup eth0
32765:  from 10.246.242.68 lookup eth0
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default

Traceroute 输出

traceroute -T r2d2.company.com
traceroute to r2d2.company.com (10.254.194.217), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1  nambi-ubuntu-dell-t5600.company.com (10.254.194.217)  13.181 ms  13.164 ms  13.142 ms


traceroute -I r2d2.company.com
traceroute to r2d2.company.com (10.246.20.141), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1  10.0.2.1 (10.0.2.1)  0.178 ms  0.139 ms  0.137 ms
2  * * *
3  te1-30-sjl1-2-cc01.company.com (10.246.100.81)  3.193 ms  3.174 ms  3.520 ms
4  te1-2-sjl2-2-cd02.companyy.com (10.246.100.62)  2.771 ms  2.853 ms  2.835 ms
5  * * *
6  * * *
7  * * *
8  * * *
9  * * *
10  * * *
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  * * *
14  * * *
15  * * *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *

答案1

不要使用简单的 ping,而要使用traceroute -I。您还可以使用 iptables 记录您的 ping 和带有传出接口的 telnet 数据包。

我对像您这样的奇怪配置的记忆有些模糊,但您很可能会发现,即使您指定了源 IP,也并不意味着您的数据包会通过该接口离开!我想说您的 ping 数据包会通过,但您的 telnet 数据包不会,并且有东西在正确地对它们进行 PATting 和反向路由。您说 eth0 有一个不同的路由表,并且您显示了该表,但我没有看到将数据包发送到该表的规则。执行ip rule list以查看这些规则。

答案2

  1. 您要求ping -I eth0,因此 ping 将尝试使用10.254.185.16作为源 IP 发送数据包。
  2. 根据您的 IP 规则,系统将使用主路由表并使用默认网关路由 ICMP 数据包10.0.2.1以到达172.217.1.238

=>10.0.2.1无法从源 IP 访问10.254.185.16(它们不在同一个子网中),因此出现无法访问的 ping 响应:

来自 company.com (10.254.185.16) icmp_seq=1 目标主机无法访问

为了解决这个问题,您可以添加以下内容ip rule以确保正确的表查找:

ip rule add from 10.254.185.16/32 lookup eth0

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