我有一个 debian 8 webserver VMware VM，它的硬盘空间不足。我在 VMware 中增加了硬盘大小。然后我想将未分配的空间添加到系统分区。我对 linux 不是很熟悉，所以我尝试了几种方法，但没有成功。
fdisk -l 的输出：
root@WebserverLinux:/# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x28bb70d9
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 80383999 80381952 38,3G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 80386046 83884031 3497986 1,7G 5 Extended
/dev/sda3 80384000 80386045 2046 1023K 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 83884032 167772159 83888128 40G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda5 80386048 83884031 3497984 1,7G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
服务器运行时，应使用 sda4 的空间来扩展 sda1。
有任何想法吗？
编辑：这是我根据 Zoredache 的回答所做的，我可以将其写入磁盘而不会丢失数据吗？（已制作 Hyperviser 快照，但我想避免使用它）
root@WebserverLinux:/home/ruko# swapoff -a
root@WebserverLinux:/home/ruko# fdisk /dev/sda
[32m
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2).
[0mChanges will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
[1m
DOS (MBR)
[0m a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
[1m
Generic
[0m d delete a partition
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
[1m
Misc
[0m m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
[1m
Save & Exit
[0m w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
[1m
Create a new label
[0m g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-5, default 5): 5
Partition 5 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4
Partition 4 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Partition 3 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-167772159, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-167772159, default 167772159): 164274175
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 78,3 GiB.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (164274176-167772159, default 164274176):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (164274176-167772159, default 167772159):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 1,7 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now.
Command (m for help):
DerfK 请求的输出：
root@WebserverLinux:/# pvscan
bash: pvscan: Command not found.
root@WebserverLinux:/# lvscan
bash: lvscan: Command not found.
root@WebserverLinux:/# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=1022487,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1639588k,mode=755)
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=23,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
rpc_pipefs on /run/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=819796k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
root@WebserverLinux:/#
答案1
服务器运行时，应使用 sda4 的空间来扩展 sda1。
看起来这不可能。问题是 sda1 似乎不在 LVM 中，并且 sda4 的空间与 sda1 的空间不连续。
我不确定 sda3 发生了什么。但如果它不重要，你可以删除它，并且你的系统可以暂时不交换就运行，那么你也许可以将其最小化为一次快速重启。
- 禁用交换
swapoff -a - 删除 sda2、sda3、sda4、sda5
- 删除并重新创建 sda1，确保起始扇区相同，并有一个更大的新结尾。为交换文件系统留出空间。（或者考虑切换到使用托管在根文件系统上的交换文件）
- 如果使用交换分区，则在 sda1 之后创建一个新的交换分区
- 重启
- 执行
resize2fs /dev/sda1，扩展文件系统来利用新的空间。
PS：在开始更改任何内容之前，请进行完整备份，或者至少在虚拟机管理程序中创建快照。