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Postfix maildir 投递失败-我的邮件丢失了吗？

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Postfix maildir 投递失败-我的邮件丢失了吗？

我遇到的问题就是 postfix 无法将电子邮件发送到我的主目录。我有一个正在运行的 Ubuntu 14.04 服务器，由于加密主驱动器出现一些问题，postfix 无法访问我的 Maildir。

在 mail.log 中我收到以下错误：

Apr  4 09:51:35 server postfix/smtpd[13658]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Apr  4 09:51:35 server postfix/smtpd[13658]: 6FE354360A18: client=localhost[127.0.0.1]
Apr  4 09:51:35 server postfix/cleanup[13661]: 6FE354360A18: message-id=<[email protected]>
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/smtpd[13658]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/qmgr[2085]: 6FE354360A18: from=<[email protected]>, size=87170, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/local[13664]: warning: maildir access problem for UID/GID=1000/1000: create maildir file /home/user/Maildir/tmp/1459756296.P13664.server: Permission denied
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/local[13664]: warning: perhaps you need to create the maildirs in advance
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/local[13664]: 6FE354360A18: to=<andreas@localhost>, relay=local, delay=0.95, delays=0.88/0.01/0/0.06, dsn=5.2.0, status=bounced (maildir delivery failed: create maildir file /home/user/Maildir/tmp/1459756296.P13664.server: Permission denied)
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/cleanup[13661]: 668984360A1A: message-id=<20160404075136.668984360A1A@server>
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/bounce[13665]: 6FE354360A18: sender non-delivery notification: 668984360A1A
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/qmgr[2085]: 668984360A1A: from=<>, size=4544, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/qmgr[2085]: 6FE354360A18: removed
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/smtp[13666]: 668984360A1A: to=<[email protected]>, relay=smtp.otherserver.org:587, delay=0.54, delays=0.19/0.05/0.23/0.07, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as C979113D0138)
Apr  4 09:51:36 server postfix/qmgr[2085]: 668984360A1A: removed

我重新启动了服务器，希望在 /var/mail/xxx 中找到在此期间发送的电子邮件，但只有一个带有我的用户名的零字节文件。

这是否意味着我在此期间收到的邮件会丢失？如何配置保存邮件？

编辑：mailq 显示空邮件队列。编辑 2：添加了更多日志输出

答案1

它应该在邮件队列中

发送简单电子邮件

# echo "Hello world" | swaks -4 --server smtp.example.net --from [email protected] --to [email protected] --h-Subject "Test message" --body -
=== Trying smtp.example.net:25...
=== Connected to smtp.example.net.
<-  220 smtp.example.net ESMTP Postfix
 -> EHLO tl-resin-node1.example.net
<-  250-smtp.example.net
<-  250-PIPELINING
<-  250-SIZE 10240000
<-  250-VRFY
<-  250-ETRN
<-  250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
<-  250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
<-  250-8BITMIME
<-  250 DSN
 -> MAIL FROM:<[email protected]>
<-  250 2.1.0 Ok
 -> RCPT TO:<[email protected]>
<-  250 2.1.5 Ok
 -> DATA
<-  354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
 -> Date: Tue, 05 Apr 2016 03:45:43 -0400
 -> To: [email protected]
 -> From: [email protected]
 -> Subject: Test message
 -> X-Mailer: swaks v20130209.0 jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/
 ->
 -> Hello world
 ->
 ->
 -> .
<-  250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 581271C1811
 -> QUIT
<-  221 2.0.0 Bye
=== Connection closed with remote host.

检查 smtp.example.net 上的邮件日志

# cat /var/log/maillog | grep 581271C1811
Apr  5 07:45:41 ci postfix/smtpd[31639]: 581271C1811: client=smtp.example.com[192.168.88.130]
Apr  5 07:45:41 ci postfix/cleanup[31642]: 581271C1811: message-id=<>
Apr  5 07:45:41 ci postfix/qmgr[31633]: 581271C1811: from=<[email protected]>, size=389, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr  5 07:45:41 ci postfix/virtual[31643]: 581271C1811: to=<[email protected]>, relay=virtual, delay=0.07, delays=0.02/0.01/0/0.04, dsn=4.2.0, status=deferred (maildir delivery failed: create maildir file /var/mail/virtual/example.net/[email protected]/tmp/1459842341.P31643.ci.example.net: Permission denied)

检查邮件日志

# postqueue -p
-Queue ID- --Size-- ----Arrival Time---- -Sender/Recipient-------
581271C1811      389 Tue Apr  5 07:45:41  [email protected]
(maildir delivery failed: create maildir file /var/mail/virtual/example.net/[email protected]/tmp/1459842341.P31643.ci.example.net: Permission denied)
                                         [email protected]

-- 1 Kbytes in 1 Request.

修复权限

# ls -la
total 16
drwxr-xr-x  4 alex alex 4096 Mar 18 14:32 .
drwxrwxr-x. 3 root mail 4096 Apr  2 03:35 ..
drwx------  3 virtual virtual 4096 Mar 15 09:18 example.com
drwx------  3 root    virtual 4096 Mar 18 14:32 example.net

# chown virtual:virtual example.net

刷新邮件队列并再次检查邮件日志

# postqueue -f

Apr  5 07:49:01 ci postfix/anvil[31640]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Apr  5 07:45:41
Apr  5 07:49:29 ci postfix/qmgr[31633]: 581271C1811: from=<[email protected]>, size=389, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr  5 07:49:29 ci postfix/virtual[31894]: 581271C1811: to=<[email protected]>, relay=virtual, delay=228, delays=228/0.02/0/0.06, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)
Apr  5 07:49:29 ci postfix/qmgr[31633]: 581271C1811: removed

答案2

TLDR：根据 postfix 的默认行为，您的电子邮件将被退回（即，您的发件人将收到未送达消息）并且 postfix 甚至不会在队列中保留该电子邮件。

根据 mercury 和 ALex_hha 的日志，我可以得出结论，邮件通过以下方式传递时的行为有所不同：虚拟守护进程（ALex_hha 案例）或本地守护进程（水星案例）。当虚拟守护进程由于权限问题而无法发送电子邮件时，它将使用延迟电子邮件（软退回）功能，因此电子邮件将保留在队列中。

Apr 5 07:45:41 ci postfix/virtual[31643]: 581271C1811: to=<[email protected]>, relay=virtual, delay=0.07, delays=0.02/0.01/0/0.04, dsn=4.2.0, status=deferred (maildir delivery failed: create maildir file /var/mail/virtual/example.net/[email protected]/tmp/1459842341.P31643.ci.example.net: Permission denied)

在另一种情况下，本地守护进程将退回电子邮件（硬退回），因此电子邮件不会留在队列中。

Apr 4 09:51:36 server postfix/local[13664]: 6FE354360A18: to=<andreas@localhost>, relay=local, delay=0.95, delays=0.88/0.01/0/0.06, dsn=5.2.0, status=bounced (maildir delivery failed: create maildir file /home/user/Maildir/tmp/1459756296.P13664.server: Permission denied)

当您根据dsb_simple函数查看 virtual/maildir.c 和 local/maildir.c 的源代码时，也可以看到这种行为。

本地/maildir.c

    dsb_simple(why, mbox_dsn(errno, "5.2.0"),
           "create maildir file %s: %m", tmpfile);

虚拟/maildir.c

    dsb_simple(why, mbox_dsn(errno, "4.2.0"),
           "create maildir file %s: %m", tmpfile);

在这种情况下我该如何防止硬退回？

据我所知，根据上述源代码，此行为无法通过 postfix 配置主配置文件。但尝试设置soft_bounce = yes，但要注意全局影响，当你启用此功能。

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