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如何列出 Windows 中 DHCP 服务器发送给客户端的 DHCP 选项？

tag-icon • tag-icon dhcp dhcp-server
如何列出 Windows 中 DHCP 服务器发送给客户端的 DHCP 选项？

如何列出 Windows 中从 DHCP 服务器发送到客户端的选项？使用 PowerShell 还是命令行？

答案1

最好的方法是使用 WireShark 之类的工具来查看 DHCP 数据包。

但是，DHCP 选项存储在注册表中，请查看注册表项Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces

这是原始数据，但你可以使用此脚本从网站上解密其中的一些内容https://ingmarverheij.com/read-dhcp-options-received-by-the-client/

# 
# Name        : ReadDhcpOptions.ps1
# Author      : Ingmar Verheij - http://www.ingmarverheij.com
# Version     : 1.0, 12 july 2013
# Description : Shows the Dhcp options received by all Dhcp enabled NICs
# 

#http://www.sans.org/windows-security/2010/02/11/powershell-byte-array-hex-convert
function Convert-ByteArrayToString {
################################################################
#.Synopsis
# Returns the string representation of a System.Byte[] array.
# ASCII string is the default, but Unicode, UTF7, UTF8 and
# UTF32 are available too.
#.Parameter ByteArray
# System.Byte[] array of bytes to put into the file. If you
# pipe this array in, you must pipe the [Ref] to the array.
# Also accepts a single Byte object instead of Byte[].
#.Parameter Encoding
# Encoding of the string: ASCII, Unicode, UTF7, UTF8 or UTF32.
# ASCII is the default.
################################################################
[CmdletBinding()] Param (
 [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)] [System.Byte[]] $ByteArray,
 [Parameter()] [String] $Encoding = "ASCII"
)
switch ( $Encoding.ToUpper() )
{
 "ASCII" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.ASCIIEncoding" }
 "UNICODE" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UnicodeEncoding" }
 "UTF7" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UTF7Encoding" }
 "UTF8" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UTF8Encoding" }
 "UTF32" { $EncodingType = "System.Text.UTF32Encoding" }
 Default { $EncodingType = "System.Text.ASCIIEncoding" }
}
$Encode = new-object $EncodingType
$Encode.GetString($ByteArray)
}


#Fill an array with the "DHCP Message Type 53 values" from http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters/bootp-dhcp-parameters.xhtml
#(the dirty way)
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPDISCOVER")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPOFFER")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPREQUEST")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPDECLINE")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPACK")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPNAK")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPRELEASE")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPINFORM")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPFORCERENEW")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEQUERY")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEACTIVE")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY")
$DhcpMessageType53Values+= @("DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE")


#Read dhcp-option information from CSV (ignore if the file can't be read)
try {$dhcpOptionDetails = @(); $dhcpOptionDetails = Import-Csv "DhcpOptions.csv" -Delimiter ";"} catch { }
try {$dhcpOptionVSDetails = @(); $dhcpOptionVSDetails = Import-Csv "DhcpOptionsVS.csv" -Delimiter ";" } catch { }

#Iterate through NIC's with IP obtained via DHCP
$objWin32NAC = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration -namespace "root\CIMV2" -computername "." -Filter "IPEnabled = 'True' AND DHCPEnabled ='True'" 
foreach ($objNACItem in $objWin32NAC) 
{

    #Write adapter neame
    Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor White "Reading DHCP options of NIC "
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow $objNACItem.Caption 
    Write-Host ""

    #Write IP information
    Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor White "  IP address : " 
    Write-Host ((Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{0}" -f $objNACItem.SettingID) -Name DhcpIPAddress).DhcpIPAddress)
    Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor White "  DHCP server: " 
    
    #Write DHCP options
    Write-Host ((Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{0}" -f $objNACItem.SettingID) -Name DhcpServer).DhcpServer)
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor White "  Options    :" 
    
    #Read DHCP options
    $DhcpInterfaceOptions = (Get-ItemProperty -Path ("HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\{0}" -f $objNACItem.SettingID) -Name DhcpInterfaceOptions).DhcpInterfaceOptions
    $DhcpOptions = @(); for ( $i = 0 ; $i -lt 256; $i++ ) { $DhcpOptions += @("") }
    $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions = @(); for ( $i = 0 ; $i -lt 256; $i++ ) { $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions += @("") }
    
    #Iterate through DHCP options
    $intPosition = 0
    while ($intPosition -lt $DhcpInterfaceOptions.length) 
    {
        #Read Dhcp code 
        $DhcpOptionCode = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition]
        $intPosition = $intPosition + 8 #shift 8 bytes
        
        #Read length
        $DhcpOptionLength = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition]
        $intPosition = $intPosition + 4 #shift 4 bytes
        
        #Is this a vendor specific option?
        $DhcpIsVendorSpecific = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition]
        $intPosition = $intPosition + 4 #shift 4 bytes
        
        #Read "unknown data"
        $DhcpUnknownData = ""
        for ($i=0; $i -lt 4; $i++) { $DhcpUnknownData = $DhcpUnknownData + $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition + $i] }
        $intPosition = $intPosition + 4 #shift 4 bytes
        
        #Read value
        if (($DhcpOptionLength % 4) -eq 0) {$DhcpOptionBytesToRead = ($DhcpOptionLength - ($DhcpOptionLength % 4))} else {$DhcpOptionBytesToRead = ($DhcpOptionLength - ($DhcpOptionLength % 4)+4)}
        $DhcpOptionValue = New-Object Byte[] $DhcpOptionBytesToRead
        for ($i=0; $i -lt $DhcpOptionLength; $i++) { $DhcpOptionValue[$i] = $DhcpInterfaceOptions[$intPosition + $i] }
        $intPosition = $intPosition + $DhcpOptionBytesToRead #shift the number of bytes read
        
        
        #Add option to (vendor specific) array
        if ($DhcpIsVendorSpecific -eq 0)
        {
           $DhcpOptions[$DhcpOptionCode] = $DhcpOptionValue
        } else {
           $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions[$DhcpOptionCode] = $DhcpOptionValue
        }
    }
    
    #Show Dhcp Options
    for ( $i = 0 ; $i -lt 256; $i++ ) 
    { 
        #Is this option 43 (vendor specific)?
        if ($i -ne 43)
        {
                $DhcpOptionIndex = $i
                $DhcpOptionValue = $DhcpOptions[$DhcpOptionIndex]
        
                if ($DhcpOptionValue) { 
                    $dhcpOptionName = ($dhcpOptionDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Name; if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionName)) {$dhcpOptionName = (" ({0})" -f $dhcpOptionName)}
                    $dhcpOptionType = ($dhcpOptionDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Type; if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionType)) {$dhcpOptionType = "unknown"}
                    
                    Write-Host -NoNewline ("  - {0}{1}: " -f $DhcpOptionIndex, ($dhcpOptionName))
                    switch ($dhcpOptionType.ToLower())
                    {
                        "ip" {Write-Host ("{0}.{1}.{2}.{3}" -f ($DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpOptionValue[1], $DhcpOptionValue[2], $DhcpOptionValue[3]))}
                        "string" {Write-Host (Convert-ByteArrayToString $DhcpOptionValue)}
                        "time" { Write-host ("{0} seconds" -f [Convert]::ToInt32(($DhcpOptionValue[0].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[1].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[2].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[3].ToString("X2")), 16) ) }
                        "dhcpmsgtype" { Write-Host ("{0} ({1})" -f $DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpMessageType53Values[$DhcpOptionValue[0]])}
                        default { Write-Host ($DhcpOptionValue | ForEach {$_.ToString("X2")}) }
                    }
            }
        } else {
            Write-Host ("  - {0} (vendor specific)" -f $i)
            for ( $j = 0 ; $j -lt 256; $j++ ) 
            {
                $DhcpOptionIndex = $j
                $DhcpOptionValue = $DhcpVendorSpecificOptions[$DhcpOptionIndex]
                            
                if ($DhcpOptionValue) { 
                    $dhcpOptionName = ($dhcpOptionVSDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Name; if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionName)) {$dhcpOptionName = (" ({0})" -f $dhcpOptionName)}
                    $dhcpOptionType = ($dhcpOptionVSDetails | Where-Object {$_.Code -eq $DhcpOptionIndex}).Type; if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dhcpOptionType)) {$dhcpOptionType = "unknown"}
                    
                    Write-Host -NoNewline ("     - {0}{1}: " -f $DhcpOptionIndex, ($dhcpOptionName))
                    switch ($dhcpOptionType.ToLower())
                    {
                        "ip" {Write-Host ("{0}.{1}.{2}.{3}" -f ($DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpOptionValue[1], $DhcpOptionValue[2], $DhcpOptionValue[3]))}
                        "string" {Write-Host (Convert-ByteArrayToString $DhcpOptionValue)}
                        "time" { Write-host ("{0} seconds" -f [Convert]::ToInt32(($DhcpOptionValue[0].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[1].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[2].ToString("X2") + $DhcpOptionValue[3].ToString("X2")), 16) ) }
                        "dhcpmsgtype" { Write-Host ("{0} ({1})" -f $DhcpOptionValue[0], $DhcpMessageType53Values[$DhcpOptionValue[0]])}
                        default { Write-Host ($DhcpOptionValue | ForEach {$_.ToString("X2")}) }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    Write-Host ""
    Write-Host ""
    exit
}

答案2

从 Windows 服务器，使用 DHCP 管理控制台 (dhcpmgmt.msc)。从那里，导航到 DHCP 范围并单击“范围选项”。

如果需要从命令行执行此操作，netsh dhcp server \\servername scope 10.0.0.0 show optionvalue（插入适当的服务器名称和范围 IP 地址）。

我从客户那里发现此工具对解决 DHCP 问题非常有帮助。它会在网络上发送 DHCP 请求并列出所有响应。

答案3

回答一个非常老的问题，但其他人可能会通过网络搜索找到这个问题（就像我一样）并想对最初提出的问题提供答案。

您可以使用第一个命令获取服务器上的 DHCP 范围列表，使用第二个命令获取特定范围的所有 DHCP 选项

Get-DhcpServerv4Scope | Select-Object ScopeId
Get-DhcpServerv4OptionValue -ScopeId <x.x.x.x>

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