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在docker容器内发送电子邮件到运行postfix的主机smtp

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在docker容器内发送电子邮件到运行postfix的主机smtp

在我运行的服务器上两个都docker 镜像和 postfix smtp 服务器。smtp 服务器可通过 localhost 访问，并且不是安装在任何类型的容器中。

问题是我可以使用 sendemail 通过终端发送电子邮件外部但我无法通过在任何容器内运行 sendemail 的终端发送电子邮件。

Postfix配置如下：

# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version


# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no

# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no

# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h

readme_directory = no

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/ellak.org/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file= /etc/letsencrypt/live/ellak.org/privkey.pem

smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache

# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.

smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = guest8.ellak.gr
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = mail.ellak.org, guest8.ellak.gr, localhost.ellak.gr, localhost

#Virtual alias domains
virtual_alias_domains = ellak.org

# RELAY Options
relayhost = [mail1.ellak.gr]:587
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
local_recipient_maps = proxy:unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes


#Network Access Options

mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.17.0.0/16
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
relay_domains = *

在容器内我运行：

发送电子邮件-s 172.17.0.1:25-f[电子邮件保护]-t [电子邮件保护]-u你好-m你好

并输出以下错误：

Nov 27 19:51:14 7e56b4e22e09 sendemail[1988]: WARNING => The recipient <[email protected]> was rejected by the mail server, error follows:
Nov 27 19:51:14 7e56b4e22e09 sendemail[1988]: WARNING => Received:  454 4.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied
Nov 27 19:51:14 7e56b4e22e09 sendemail[1988]: ERROR => Exiting. No recipients were accepted for delivery by the mail server.

在 Postfix 日志中我得到以下信息：

Nov 27 21:42:54 guest8 postfix/smtpd[14979]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[172.18.0.5]: 454 4.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<7e56b4e22e09>
Nov 27 21:42:54 guest8 postfix/smtpd[14979]: lost connection after RCPT from unknown[172.18.0.5]
Nov 27 21:42:54 guest8 postfix/smtpd[14979]: disconnect from unknown[172.18.0.5]
Nov 27 21:46:14 guest8 postfix/anvil[14982]: statistics: max connection rate 2/60s for (smtp:172.18.0.5) at Nov 27 21:42:54
Nov 27 21:46:14 guest8 postfix/anvil[14982]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:172.18.0.5) at Nov 27 21:42:41
Nov 27 21:46:14 guest8 postfix/anvil[14982]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Nov 27 21:42:41

您是否知道如何在 Docker 容器内发送电子邮件？

答案1

172.18.0.5 不包含在 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.17.0.0/16

mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.16.0.0/12

这包括所有私有 172.16 子网。

答案2

ssmtp仅适用于 Debian Bullseye 及更高版本，在 11 之前你必须配置msmtp。

  1. 在主机上，将 docker 子网（172.0.0.0/8默认）添加到 postfix 的配置中/etc/postfix/main.cf。mynetworks键值已经有值了，将新的子网范围添加到末尾：

    mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.0.0.0/8

    使用 重新启动 postfix systemctl restart postfix。

  2. 更新您的dockerfile以添加所需的软件包：

    RUN apt-get install -y mailutils msmtp msmtp-mta

    该msmtp-mta包是必需的，因为它为sendmail

  3. 创建msmtprc配置文件：

    account default
host host.docker.internal

    将其添加到你的dockerfile中：

    COPY ./msmtprc /etc/msmtprc

    你必须添加docker-compose.yaml文件的额外主机因为它们在 Linux 上默认没有添加：

    extra_hosts:
  - host.docker.internal:host-gateway

  4. 使用以下命令测试邮件命令docker compose exec [service] echo "Hello, world!" | mail -s 'test' [email]

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