我一直在调试 Synology NAS 的一个问题，内核崩溃（或者我认为发生了什么）。发生这种情况时，NAS 不会响应 ping，恢复它的唯一方法是按住电源按钮 10 秒钟强制关闭电源。
这种情况随机发生（每月几次到每天几次）。我与客户服务部门合作并已完成以下工作：
- 更换了 NAS 本身，顺便说一下，它是 Synology DS1815+
- 更换了 RAM 模块（我拥有的扩展 RAM）
内核崩溃似乎仍然会发生，我开始怀疑其中一个驱动器是罪魁祸首。有人意识到内核崩溃了吗？
机器信息：
root@Apollo:~# uname -a
Linux Apollo 3.10.77 #8451 SMP Wed Jan 4 00:31:32 CST 2017 x86_64 GNU/Linux synology_avoton_1815+
root@Apollo:~# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw------- 1 root root 8, 0 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sda
brw------- 1 root root 8, 1 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sda1
brw------- 1 root root 8, 2 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sda2
brw------- 1 root root 8, 5 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sda5
brw------- 1 root root 8, 16 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdb
brw------- 1 root root 8, 17 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdb1
brw------- 1 root root 8, 18 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdb2
brw------- 1 root root 8, 21 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdb5
brw------- 1 root root 8, 32 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdc
brw------- 1 root root 8, 33 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdc1
brw------- 1 root root 8, 34 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdc2
brw------- 1 root root 8, 37 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdc5
brw------- 1 root root 8, 48 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdd
brw------- 1 root root 8, 49 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdd1
brw------- 1 root root 8, 50 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdd2
brw------- 1 root root 8, 53 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sdd5
brw------- 1 root root 8, 64 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sde
brw------- 1 root root 8, 65 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sde1
brw------- 1 root root 8, 66 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sde2
brw------- 1 root root 8, 69 Jan 13 08:38 /dev/sde5
恐慌：
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.744805] ata3.00: read unc at 11156987776
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.749591] lba 11156987776 start 9453280 end 11720838239
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.755633] sde5 auto_remap 0
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.758952] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.766156] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.770544] ata3.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.775809] ata3.00: cmd 25/00:00:00:1c:02/00:04:99:02:00/e0 tag 20 dma 524288 in
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.775809] res 51/40:00:80:1f:02/00:04:99:02:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error)
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.792832] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.797315] ata3.00: error: { UNC }
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.832084] Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.840854] Sense Key : 0x3 [current] [descriptor]
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.846232] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.867505] ASC=0x11 ASCQ=0x4
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.874733] cdb[0]=0x88: 88 00 00 00 00 02 99 02 1c 00 00 00 04 00 00 00
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73339.882314] end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 11156986880
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.792522] ------------[ cut here ]------------
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.797710] WARNING: at /source/lio-4.x/target_core_segment_lock.c:124 seglock_unlock+0x5d/0xf0 [target_core_mod]()
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.809379] Modules linked in: bridge snd_usb_hiface stp aufs snd_pcm_oss macvlan veth xt_conntrack xt_addrtype snd_mixer_oss nf_conntrack_ipv6 snd_usb_audio snd_pcm nf_defrag_ipv6 snd_timer ip6table_filter ip6_tables snd_hwdep ipt_MASQUERADE snd_usbmidi_lib xt_REDIRECT snd_rawmidi xt_nat snd_seq_device iptable_nat snd nf_nat_ipv4 nf_nat snd_page_alloc xt_recent soundcore xt_iprange xt_limit xt_state xt_tcpudp xt_multiport xt_LOG nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_conntrack iptable_filter ip_tables x_tables iscsi_target_mod(O) target_core_ep(O) target_core_file(O) target_core_iblock(O) target_core_mod(O) syno_extent_pool(PO) rodsp_ep(O) cifs udf isofs loop nfsd exportfs rpcsec_gss_krb5 hid_generic usbhid hid usblp usb_storage 8021q bonding avoton_synobios(PO) leds_lp3943 btrfs synoacl_vfs(PO) zlib_deflate hfsplus md4 hmac libcrc32c compat(O) igb(O) i2c_algo_bit e1000e(O) fuse vfat fat crc32c_intel aesni_intel glue_helper lrw gf128mul ablk_helper arc4 cryptd ecryptfs sha512_generic sha256_generic sha1_generic ecb aes_x86_64 authenc des_generic ansi_cprng cts md5 cbc cpufreq_powersave cpufreq_performance acpi_cpufreq mperf processor thermal_sys cpufreq_stats freq_table dm_snapshot crc_itu_t crc_ccitt quota_v2 quota_tree psnap p8022 llc sit tunnel4 ip_tunnel ipv6 zram(C) sg etxhci_hcd xhci_hcd uhci_hcd ehci_pci ehci_hcd usbcore usb_common [last unloaded: avoton_synobios]
2017-01-12T15:18:39-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.945727] CPU: 2 PID: 9316 Comm: kworker/u17:14 Tainted: P C O 3.10.77 #8451
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.954582] Hardware name: Insyde MohonPeak/Type2 - Board Product Name1, BIOS M.110 2014/12/23
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.964218] Workqueue: tcm_dio_wq transport_cmd_defer_exec_work_func [target_core_mod]
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.973075] ffffffff8149d52e ffffffff81033bc8 0000000000000000 ffff8801d47d08c0
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.981359] ffff8801d47d08c8 0000000000000282 0000000004b39480 ffffffffa06bbfdd
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.989642] ffff8801d2760c00 ffff8801d27609f0 0000000000000000 ffff8801d5404000
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73345.997928] Call Trace:
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.000662] [<ffffffff8149d52e>] ? dump_stack+0xc/0x15
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.006502] [<ffffffff81033bc8>] ? warn_slowpath_common+0x58/0x70
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.013418] [<ffffffffa06bbfdd>] ? seglock_unlock+0x5d/0xf0 [target_core_mod]
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.021500] [<ffffffffa06a9f09>] ? transport_cmd_defer_exec_work_func+0x89/0x150 [target_core_mod]
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.031617] [<ffffffff8104d654>] ? process_one_work+0x144/0x3d0
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.038331] [<ffffffff8104e1ed>] ? worker_thread+0x10d/0x3a0
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.044754] [<ffffffff8104e0e0>] ? manage_workers.isra.26+0x280/0x280
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.052052] [<ffffffff81053882>] ? kthread+0xb2/0xc0
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.057698] [<ffffffff810537d0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x110/0x110
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.064995] [<ffffffff814a3408>] ? ret_from_fork+0x58/0x90
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.071223] [<ffffffff810537d0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x110/0x110
2017-01-12T15:18:41-08:00 Apollo kernel: [73346.078519] ---[ end trace 8d9001a14e0d0c9f ]---