我确实遵循了本教程： https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/mail-filtering.html
但是当我发送测试电子邮件时，我没有看到任何垃圾邮件或病毒检查标头。
我的邮件名称是：example.com 我的主机名是：ubuntu
/etc/amavis/conf.d/15-content_filter_mode：
use strict;
# You can modify this file to re-enable SPAM checking through spamassassin
# and to re-enable antivirus checking.
#
# Default antivirus checking mode
# Please note, that anti-virus checking is DISABLED by
# default.
# If You wish to enable it, please uncomment the following lines:
@bypass_virus_checks_maps = (
\%bypass_virus_checks, \@bypass_virus_checks_acl, \$bypass_virus_checks_re);
#
# Default SPAM checking mode
# Please note, that anti-spam checking is DISABLED by
# default.
# If You wish to enable it, please uncomment the following lines:
@bypass_spam_checks_maps = (
\%bypass_spam_checks, \@bypass_spam_checks_acl, \$bypass_spam_checks_re);
1; # ensure a defined return
/etc/amavis/conf.d/20-debian_defaults：
use strict;
# ADMINISTRATORS:
# Debian suggests that any changes you need to do that should never
# be "updated" by the Debian package should be made in another file,
# overriding the settings in this file.
#
# The package will *not* overwrite your settings, but by keeping
# them separate, you will make the task of merging changes on these
# configuration files much simpler...
# see /usr/share/doc/amavisd-new/examples/amavisd.conf-default for
# a list of all variables with their defaults;
# see /usr/share/doc/amavisd-new/examples/amavisd.conf-sample for
# a traditional-style commented file
# [note: the above files were not converted to Debian settings!]
#
# for more details see documentation in /usr/share/doc/amavisd-new
# and at http://www.ijs.si/software/amavisd/amavisd-new-docs.html
$QUARANTINEDIR = "$MYHOME/virusmails";
$quarantine_subdir_levels = 1; # enable quarantine dir hashing
$log_recip_templ = undef; # disable by-recipient level-0 log entries
$DO_SYSLOG = 1; # log via syslogd (preferred)
$syslog_ident = 'amavis'; # syslog ident tag, prepended to all messages
$syslog_facility = 'mail';
$syslog_priority = 'debug'; # switch to info to drop debug output, etc
$enable_db = 1; # enable use of BerkeleyDB/libdb (SNMP and nanny)
$enable_global_cache = 1; # enable use of libdb-based cache if $enable_db=1
$inet_socket_port = 10024; # default listening socket
$sa_spam_subject_tag = '***SPAM*** ';
$sa_tag_level_deflt = -9999; # add spam info headers if at, or above that level
$sa_tag2_level_deflt = 6.31; # add 'spam detected' headers at that level
$sa_kill_level_deflt = 6.31; # triggers spam evasive actions
$sa_dsn_cutoff_level = 10; # spam level beyond which a DSN is not sent
$sa_mail_body_size_limit = 200*1024; # don't waste time on SA if mail is larger
$sa_local_tests_only = 0; # only tests which do not require internet access?
# Quota limits to avoid bombs (like 42.zip)
$MAXLEVELS = 14;
$MAXFILES = 1500;
$MIN_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 100*1024; # bytes
$MAX_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 300*1024*1024; # bytes
# You should:
# Use D_DISCARD to discard data (viruses)
# Use D_BOUNCE to generate local bounces by amavisd-new
# Use D_REJECT to generate local or remote bounces by the calling MTA
# Use D_PASS to deliver the message
#
# Whatever you do, *NEVER* use D_REJECT if you have other MTAs *forwarding*
# mail to your account. Use D_BOUNCE instead, otherwise you are delegating
# the bounce work to your friendly forwarders, which might not like it at all.
#
# On dual-MTA setups, one can often D_REJECT, as this just makes your own
# MTA generate the bounce message. Test it first.
#
# Bouncing viruses is stupid, always discard them after you are sure the AV
# is working correctly. Bouncing real SPAM is also useless, if you cannot
# D_REJECT it (and don't D_REJECT mail coming from your forwarders!).
$final_virus_destiny = D_DISCARD; # (data not lost, see virus quarantine)
$final_banned_destiny = D_DISCARD; # D_REJECT when front-end MTA
$final_spam_destiny = D_DISCARD;
$final_bad_header_destiny = D_PASS; # False-positive prone (for spam)
$enable_dkim_verification = 0; #disabled to prevent warning
$virus_admin = "postmaster\@$mydomain"; # due to D_DISCARD default
# Set to empty ("") to add no header
$X_HEADER_LINE = "Debian $myproduct_name at $mydomain";
# REMAINING IMPORTANT VARIABLES ARE LISTED HERE BECAUSE OF LONGER ASSIGNMENTS
#
# DO NOT SEND VIRUS NOTIFICATIONS TO OUTSIDE OF YOUR DOMAIN. EVER.
#
# These days, almost all viruses fake the envelope sender and mail headers.
# Therefore, "virus notifications" became nothing but undesired, aggravating
# SPAM. This holds true even inside one's domain. We disable them all by
# default, except for the EICAR test pattern.
#
@viruses_that_fake_sender_maps = (new_RE(
[qr'\bEICAR\b'i => 0], # av test pattern name
[qr/.*/ => 1], # true for everything else
));
@keep_decoded_original_maps = (new_RE(
# qr'^MAIL$', # retain full original message for virus checking (can be slow)
qr'^MAIL-UNDECIPHERABLE$', # recheck full mail if it contains undecipherables
qr'^(ASCII(?! cpio)|text|uuencoded|xxencoded|binhex)'i,
# qr'^Zip archive data', # don't trust Archive::Zip
));
# for $banned_namepath_re, a new-style of banned table, see amavisd.conf-sample
$banned_filename_re = new_RE(
# qr'^UNDECIPHERABLE$', # is or contains any undecipherable components
# block certain double extensions anywhere in the base name
qr'\.[^./]*\.(exe|vbs|pif|scr|bat|cmd|com|cpl|dll)\.?$'i,
qr'\{[0-9a-f]{8}(-[0-9a-f]{4}){3}-[0-9a-f]{12}\}?$'i, # Windows Class ID CLSID, strict
qr'^application/x-msdownload$'i, # block these MIME types
qr'^application/x-msdos-program$'i,
qr'^application/hta$'i,
# qr'^application/x-msmetafile$'i, # Windows Metafile MIME type
# qr'^\.wmf$', # Windows Metafile file(1) type
# qr'^message/partial$'i, qr'^message/external-body$'i, # rfc2046 MIME types
# [ qr'^\.(Z|gz|bz2)$' => 0 ], # allow any in Unix-compressed
# [ qr'^\.(rpm|cpio|tar)$' => 0 ], # allow any in Unix-type archives
# [ qr'^\.(zip|rar|arc|arj|zoo)$'=> 0 ], # allow any within such archives
# [ qr'^application/x-zip-compressed$'i => 0], # allow any within such archives
qr'.\.(exe|vbs|pif|scr|bat|cmd|com|cpl)$'i, # banned extension - basic
# qr'.\.(ade|adp|app|bas|bat|chm|cmd|com|cpl|crt|emf|exe|fxp|grp|hlp|hta|
# inf|ins|isp|js|jse|lnk|mda|mdb|mde|mdw|mdt|mdz|msc|msi|msp|mst|
# ops|pcd|pif|prg|reg|scr|sct|shb|shs|vb|vbe|vbs|
# wmf|wsc|wsf|wsh)$'ix, # banned ext - long
# qr'.\.(mim|b64|bhx|hqx|xxe|uu|uue)$'i, # banned extension - WinZip vulnerab.
qr'^\.(exe-ms)$', # banned file(1) types
# qr'^\.(exe|lha|tnef|cab|dll)$', # banned file(1) types
);
# See http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;q262631
# and http://www.cknow.com/vtutor/vtextensions.htm
# ENVELOPE SENDER SOFT-WHITELISTING / SOFT-BLACKLISTING
@score_sender_maps = ({ # a by-recipient hash lookup table,
# results from all matching recipient tables are summed
# ## per-recipient personal tables (NOTE: positive: black, negative: white)
# '[email protected]' => [{'[email protected]' => 10.0}],
# '[email protected]' => [{'.ebay.com' => -3.0}],
# '[email protected]' => [{'[email protected]' => -7.0,
# '.cleargreen.com' => -5.0}],
## site-wide opinions about senders (the '.' matches any recipient)
'.' => [ # the _first_ matching sender determines the score boost
new_RE( # regexp-type lookup table, just happens to be all soft-blacklist
[qr'^(bulkmail|offers|cheapbenefits|earnmoney|foryou)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(greatcasino|investments|lose_weight_today|market\.alert)@'i=> 5.0],
[qr'^(money2you|MyGreenCard|new\.tld\.registry|opt-out|opt-in)@'i=> 5.0],
[qr'^(optin|saveonlsmoking2002k|specialoffer|specialoffers)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(stockalert|stopsnoring|wantsome|workathome|yesitsfree)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(your_friend|greatoffers)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(inkjetplanet|marketopt|MakeMoney)\d*@'i => 5.0],
),
# read_hash("/var/amavis/sender_scores_sitewide"),
# This are some examples for whitelists, since envelope senders can be forged
# they are not enabled by default.
{ # a hash-type lookup table (associative array)
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'securityfocus.com' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]'=> -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'spamassassin.apache.org' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -5.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#'returns.groups.yahoo.com' => -3.0,
#'[email protected]' => -3.0,
#lc('[email protected]') => -3.0,
#lc('[email protected]') => -5.0,
# soft-blacklisting (positive score)
#'[email protected]' => 3.0,
#'.example.net' => 1.0,
},
], # end of site-wide tables
});
1; # ensure a defined return
/etc/postfix/master.cf：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
#submission inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
-o content_filter=
-o recieve_override_options=no_header_body_checks
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
smtp-amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
-o smtp_data-done-timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xformward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local-recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject-no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks, reject
-o smtpd_helo-restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-0 smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o recieve _override_options=no_header_body_checks, no_unknown_recipient_checks, no_milters
当我发送测试邮件时，我看到了如下输出：
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: by server1.example.com (Postfix, from userid 0)
id 98E2A3809D6; Tue, 25 Apr 2017 08:53:08 +0200 (CEST)
To: [email protected]
Subject: This is a test-mail
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2017 08:53:08 +0200 (CEST)
From: [email protected] (root)
This is a test body
当我查看 mail.log 时，我看到了以下内容：
Apr 25 08:53:02 ubuntu amavis[25277]: Using primary internal av scanner code for ClamAV-clamd
Apr 25 08:53:02 ubuntu amavis[25277]: Found secondary av scanner ClamAV-clamscan at /usr/bin/clamscan
Apr 25 08:53:02 ubuntu amavis[25277]: Deleting db files __db.002,snmp.db,nanny.db,__db.003,__db.001 in /var/lib/amavis/db
Apr 25 08:53:02 ubuntu amavis[25277]: Creating db in /var/lib/amavis/db/; BerkeleyDB 0.55, libdb 5.3
Apr 25 08:53:02 ubuntu amavis[25277]: initializing Mail::SpamAssassin (0)
Apr 25 08:53:02 ubuntu amavis[25277]: SpamAssassin debug facilities: info
Apr 25 08:53:03 ubuntu amavis[25277]: SA info: zoom: able to use 353/353 'body_0' compiled rules (100%)
Apr 25 08:53:04 ubuntu amavis[25277]: SpamAssassin loaded plugins: AskDNS, AutoLearnThreshold, Bayes, BodyEval, Check, DKIM, DNSEval, FreeMail, HTMLEval, HTTPSMismatch, Hashcash, HeaderEval, ImageInfo, MIMEEval, MIMEHeader, Pyzor, Razor2, RelayEval, ReplaceTags, Rule2XSBody, SPF, SpamCop, URIDNSBL, URIDetail, URIEval, VBounce, WLBLEval, WhiteListSubject
Apr 25 08:53:04 ubuntu amavis[25277]: SpamControl: init_pre_fork on SpamAssassin done
Apr 25 08:53:04 ubuntu amavis[25277]: extra modules loaded after daemonizing/chrooting: /etc/perl/Net/libnet.cfg, /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/auto/Net/SSLeay/autosplit.ix, /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/auto/Net/SSLeay/randomize.al, IO/Socket/SSL.pm, IO/Socket/SSL/PublicSuffix.pm, Mail/SpamAssassin/CompiledRegexps/body_0.pm, Mail/SpamAssassin/Plugin/FreeMail.pm, Mail/SpamAssassin/Plugin/SpamCop.pm, Net/Cmd.pm, Net/Config.pm, Net/SMTP.pm, Net/SSLeay.pm
Apr 25 08:53:08 ubuntu postfix/pickup[25049]: 98E2A3809D6: uid=0 from=<root>
Apr 25 08:53:08 ubuntu postfix/cleanup[25285]: 98E2A3809D6: message-id=<[email protected]>
Apr 25 08:53:08 ubuntu postfix/qmgr[25050]: 98E2A3809D6: from=<[email protected]>, size=331, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr 25 08:53:08 ubuntu postfix/virtual[25287]: 98E2A3809D6: to=<[email protected]>, relay=virtual, delay=0.03, delays=0.02/0.01/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)
Apr 25 08:53:08 ubuntu postfix/qmgr[25050]: 98E2A3809D6: removed
有人知道为什么我看不到垃圾邮件和病毒检查吗
编辑1：
当我执行 telnet 127.0.0.1 10024 时，我看到以下输出：
Trying 127.0.0.1
Connecting to 127.0.0.1
Escape character is '^]'
220 [127.0.0.1] ESMTP amavis-new service ready
日志重启 amavis (systemctl restart amavis)
Authentication is required to restart amavis
Authentication as : xxxx
password :
Authentication complete
这里是整个 mail.log：www.termbin.com/7ri7
答案1
摘自精美手册（https://www.ijs.si/software/amavisd/)：
没有插入垃圾邮件相关标头？以下是一些原因：
- @local_domains_acl 设置不正确。这些标头仅插入到与 @local_domains_acl 查找（或 SQL 查找中的 local_domains 或 $local_domains_re 或字段“local”）匹配的收件人；
- 仅当邮件通过 amavisd-new 时才可以添加或编辑标题。目前 sendmail milter 设置中还不支持此操作（使用辅助程序 amavis-milter.c）；
- 标签级别设置得太高（$sa_tag_level_defl）；*当未调用 SpamAssassin（已禁用、邮件大于 $sa_mail_body_size_limit、发件人列入白名单/黑名单）或 SA 返回空分数时，例如，当超时时，垃圾邮件分数为空（未定义）；*为了使垃圾邮件分数高于 kill_level 的邮件仍然通过，可以全局设置：$final_spam_destiny=D_PASS，或声明收件人为 spam_lover。
我认为第一个是让你头疼的问题。你需要在文件夹中的某个位置用虚拟域信息填充 @local_domains_acl 数组。