我在一台 Ubuntu Server 机器 14.04 LTS 上运行了一个有效的 postfix/dovecot 配置。然后我使用 升级到了 16.04.2 do-release-upgrade。除了我的邮件服务之外，一切似乎都正常。在更新之前，一切都正常，但现在我遇到了一个奇怪的行为。当我从内部 LAN 连接时，客户端没有发生错误，但没有显示电子邮件，也没有文件夹等，看起来邮件服务器是空的。但是当我尝试从外部（即 mxtoolbox）连接时，我得到了You hung up on us after we connected. Please whitelist us. (connection lost)。在系统日志中发生以下情况：
postfix/smtpd[26657]: connect from pws3.mxtoolbox.com[64.20.227.134]
dovecot: auth: Warning: sql: Ignoring changed user_query in /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext, because us$
postfix/smtpd[26657]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
postfix/master[21009]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/sbin/smtpd pid 26657 exit status 1
postfix/master[21009]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/sbin/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling
我已经检查了无 SASL 错误，但找不到问题。libsasl2-modules已安装并且 saslauthd 服务正在运行，在更新之前或之后我没有对配置进行任何更改。
我正在使用 postfix、dovecot 和 mysql 数据库作为邮件系统。
后配置-n
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
local_recipient_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps
mailbox_size_limit = 51200000
message_size_limit = 51200000
mydestination =
myhostname = mymaildomain.tld
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
myorigin = /etc/mailname
readme_directory = no
recipient_delimiter = +
relayhost =
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, check_client_access cidr:/etc/postfix/ip-block, permit
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, check_client_access cidr:/etc/postfix/ip-block
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noplaintext
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/koehnkenet.de/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/koehnkenet.de/privkey.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_use_tls = yes
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql-aliases.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql-maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
virtual_transport = dovecot
systemctl 状态 dovecot -l
dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Di 2017-05-02 00:59:41 CEST; 10h ago
Docs: man:dovecot(1)
http://wiki2.dovecot.org/
Process: 21507 ExecStop=/usr/bin/doveadm stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 21512 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dovecot (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 21515 (dovecot)
CGroup: /system.slice/dovecot.service
├─21515 /usr/sbin/dovecot
├─21516 dovecot/anvil
├─21517 dovecot/log
├─21542 dovecot/config
├─26588 dovecot/imap-login
├─26592 dovecot/imap
├─26662 dovecot/imap-login
├─26666 dovecot/imap
├─26679 dovecot/auth
├─26680 dovecot/ssl-params
└─26685 dovecot/auth -w
systemctl 状态后缀-l
postfix.service - LSB: Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/postfix; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/postfix.service.d
└─50-postfix-$mail-transport-agent.conf
Active: active (running) since Di 2017-05-02 00:28:49 CEST; 11h ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 20854 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/postfix stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 20883 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─21009 /usr/lib/postfix/sbin/master
├─21011 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
├─21015 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u -c
└─25923 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c
systemctl 状态 saslauthd -l
saslauthd.service - LSB: saslauthd startup script
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/saslauthd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Di 2017-05-02 00:27:59 CEST; 11h ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 20756 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/saslauthd stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 20775 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/saslauthd start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/saslauthd.service
├─20799 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -a pam -c -m /var/run/saslauthd -n 5
├─20800 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -a pam -c -m /var/run/saslauthd -n 5
├─20801 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -a pam -c -m /var/run/saslauthd -n 5
├─20802 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -a pam -c -m /var/run/saslauthd -n 5
└─20803 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -a pam -c -m /var/run/saslauthd -n 5
Mai 02 00:27:59 Mydomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: saslauthd startup script...
Mai 02 00:27:59 Mydomain saslauthd[20775]: * Starting SASL Authentication Daemon saslauthd
Mai 02 00:27:59 Mydomain saslauthd[20799]: detach_tty : master pid is: 20799
Mai 02 00:27:59 Mydomain saslauthd[20799]: ipc_init : listening on socket: /var/run/saslauthd/mux
Mai 02 00:27:59 Mydomain saslauthd[20775]: ...done.
Mai 02 00:27:59 Mydomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: saslauthd startup script.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.tld/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.tld/privkey.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
# Disable SSLv2/3 as they are vulnerable
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
myhostname = mydomain.tld
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination =
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 51200000
message_size_limit = 51200000
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
###### SASL Auth ######
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noplaintext
###### Use Dovecot LMTP Service to deliver Mails to Dovecot ######
#virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit=1
##### Only allow mail transport if client is authenticated or in own network (PHP Scripts, ...) ######
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
reject_unauth_destination,
reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org,
check_client_access cidr:/etc/postfix/ip-block,
permit
smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain
###### MySQL Connection ######
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql-aliases.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql-maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual/mysql-domains.cf
local_recipient_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, check_client_access cidr:/etc/postfix/ip-block
/etc/postfix/master.cf
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:mail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}
doveconf-n
# 2.2.22 (fe789d2): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# Pigeonhole version 0.4.13 (7b14904)
# OS: Linux 4.4.0-75-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS
auth_mechanisms = plain login
base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/
first_valid_uid = 150
last_valid_uid = 150
mail_gid = mail
mail_home = /media/daten/vmail/%d/%n
mail_location = maildir:~/mail:LAYOUT=fs
mail_privileged_group = mail
mail_uid = vmail
namespace inbox {
inbox = yes
location =
mailbox Drafts {
special_use = \Drafts
}
mailbox Junk {
special_use = \Junk
}
mailbox Sent {
special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox "Sent Messages" {
special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox Trash {
special_use = \Trash
}
prefix =
}
passdb {
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = sql
}
postmaster_address = [email protected]
protocols = " imap lmtp"
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
}
unix_listener auth-userdb {
group = mail
mode = 0600
user = vmail
}
}
service lmtp {
unix_listener lmtp {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
}
user = vmail
}
ssl = required
ssl_cert = </etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.tld/fullchain.pem
ssl_cipher_list = EDH+CAMELLIA:EDH+aRSA:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH:+CAMELLIA256:+AES256:+CAMELLIA128:+AES128:SSLv3:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!DSS:!RC4:!SEED:!ECDSA:CAMELLIA256-SHA:AES256-SHA:CAMELLIA128-SHA:AES128-SHA
ssl_key = </etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.tld/privkey.pem
MySQL 正在工作并正在运行，凭证也正常工作，dovecot 的 sql 查询也正常工作并输出正确的数据，当我尝试在 phpmyadmin 中使用它们时，postfixadmin 也在工作。硬盘已安装并且路径也正确，vmail 文件夹包含邮件和文件夹等。我不知道为什么我无法从公共网络连接，而只能从本地网络连接，并且邮箱中没有显示任何电子邮件或文件夹。
答案1
我找到了问题所在。问题是我使用了
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous,noplaintext
但没有设置smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes，因此纯文本连接立即被拒绝。