我正在尝试设置我的邮件服务器，但 Postfix 出了点问题。特别是我无法接收来自外部的电子邮件。
这是我的 /etc/postfix/main.cf 的内容
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES
myhostname = mail.paolo9785.com
mydomain = paolo9785.com
relay_host = paolo9785.com
myorigin = paolo9785.com
home_mailbox = mail/
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
inet_interfaces = localhost
mydestination = mail.paolo9785.com, localhost.paolo9785.com, localhost, paolo9785.com
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/server.crt
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
message_size_limit = 30720000
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_maildir_extended = yes
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service,
check_policy_service = unix:private/policy
policy_time_limit = 3600
#DKIM config
smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891, inet:127.0.0.1:8893
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 2
这是我的 master.cf
cat /etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy
#submission inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
#ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
# flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
# ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
# ${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
policy unix - n n - 0 spawn user=nobody argv=/bin/python /usr/libexec/postfix/policyd-spf
目前有一个用户集（info@...）。
systemctl status postfix -l
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-07-24 21:53:04 CEST; 15min ago
Process: 6591 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/postfix stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 6650 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 6644 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 6632 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 6972 (master)
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─ 1751 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u
├─ 6972 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─ 6981 pickup -l -t unix -u
├─ 6982 qmgr -l -t unix -u
├─20770 smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -o stress= -s 2
├─20776 proxymap -t unix -u
├─20804 anvil -l -t unix -u
├─21475 trivial-rewrite -n rewrite -t unix -u
├─21750 cleanup -z -t unix -u
└─21778 local -t unix
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/trivial-rewrite[21475]: warning: do not list domain paolo9785.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/smtpd[20770]: warning: restriction check_policy_service must be followed by transport:server
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/smtpd[20770]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-ua0-f181.google.com[209.85.217.181]: 451 4.3.5 Server configuration error; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<mail-ua0-f181.google.com>
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/cleanup[21750]: 9C4A85EE6A: message-id=<[email protected]>
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/qmgr[6982]: 9C4A85EE6A: from=<[email protected]>, size=1382, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/smtpd[20770]: disconnect from mail-ua0-f181.google.com[209.85.217.181]
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/trivial-rewrite[21475]: warning: do not list domain paolo9785.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/trivial-rewrite[21475]: warning: do not list domain paolo9785.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/local[21778]: 9C4A85EE6A: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<postmaster>, relay=local, delay=0.01, delays=0.01/0/0/0, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)
Jul 24 22:07:23 mail.paolo9785.com postfix/qmgr[6982]: 9C4A85EE6A: removed
systemctl status dovecot -l
● dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-07-24 20:49:26 CEST; 1h 28min ago
Main PID: 24904 (dovecot)
CGroup: /system.slice/dovecot.service
├─ 2108 dovecot/imap-login
├─ 2500 dovecot/imap
├─24904 /usr/sbin/dovecot -F
├─24927 dovecot/anvil
├─24928 dovecot/log
├─24932 dovecot/config
├─29697 dovecot/auth
├─30635 dovecot/imap-login
└─32508 dovecot/imap
Jul 24 21:58:03 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=5.102.9.124, lip=164.132.225.73, mpid=9533, TLS, session=<adD1oRVVZAAFZgl8>
Jul 24 21:58:04 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3([email protected]): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/1, size=737
Jul 24 22:08:34 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=5.102.9.124, lip=164.132.225.73, mpid=18393, TLS, session=<PfCKxxVVnAAFZgl8>
Jul 24 22:08:35 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3([email protected]): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/1, size=737
Jul 24 22:15:02 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=5.102.9.124, lip=164.132.225.73, mpid=22021, TLS, session=<txmt3hVVqwAFZgl8>
Jul 24 22:15:03 mail.paolo9785.com dovecot[24928]: pop3([email protected]): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/1, size=737
Warning: Journal has been rotated since unit was started. Log output is incomplete or unavailable.
防火墙上的所有端口均已打开：
firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client http https imaps pop3s smtp ssh
ports: 110/tcp 465/tcp 587/tcp 25/tcp 143/tcp 3306/tcp 9000/tcp 993/tcp
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
sourceports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
其他配置文件的内容包括：
cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf
user = mail_admin
password = ******************
dbname = mail
query = SELECT destination FROM forwardings WHERE source='%s'
hosts = 127.0.0.1
cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
user = mail_admin
password = **********
dbname = mail
query = SELECT email FROM users WHERE email='%s'
hosts = 127.0.0.1
cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
user = mail_admin
password = **********
dbname = mail
query = SELECT domain AS virtual FROM domains WHERE domain='%s'
hosts = 127.0.0.1
cat /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
user = mail_admin
password = ****************
dbname = mail
query = SELECT CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',-1),'/',SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',1),'/') FROM users WHERE email='%s'
hosts = 127.0.0.1
有什么建议吗？MX 记录似乎是正确的，而且在日志中我可以看到我的电子邮件已到达服务器但未成功处理。我正在尝试从我的 Gmail 发送电子邮件，您可以在日志中看到。
提前感谢您的宝贵帮助:-)
答案1
我发现配置中至少有一个错误：
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service, check_policy_service = unix:private/policy
check_policy_service 参数应紧随其后，而不应作为单独的选项指定：
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service unix:private/policy
将其全部放在一行上，并且check_policy_service和之间没有“=”unix:private/policy