我认为对于 Postfix 专家来说这个问题是小菜一碟，但是在花了几天时间尝试为私人用户建立自己的服务器之后，我就没主意了。
我可以在我的网络内部：
从 LAN -> DMZ -> WAN 发送电子邮件 从 WAN -> DMZ -> LAN 接收电子邮件
例子：
在 LAN 上，我可以连接 DMZ 内的邮件服务器，将邮件发送到 Gmail、Yahoo、Hotmail 等...
我可以将电子邮件发送到我拥有的其他域，例如域 2、域 3 等...
我可以收到所有的电子邮件。
我可以回复所有电子邮件。
我无法从外部来源发送电子邮件，例如：
4G -> WAN -> DMZ（从此时我可以阅读电子邮件）但是，当我尝试发送时，出现很多关于访问被拒绝、中继被禁止等错误......
在我的内部网络之外，使用 4G 智能手机连接第二种情况，我得到：
我可以收到所有的电子邮件。
我无法回复电子邮件。
我无法发送电子邮件。
从我当前的设置来看，在 LAN / DMZ 之外访问的错误（例如从智能手机连接和通过 4G 进行身份验证）是：
Oct 17 06:06:04 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: connect from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395
Oct 17 06:06:04 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395: 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<[100.64.250.167]>
Oct 17 06:06:24 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: lost connection after DATA from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395
Oct 17 06:06:24 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: disconnect from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395 ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 commands=4/6
我当前的 master.cf 是：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
-o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings
# -o smtpd_client_connect_count_limit=100
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtp_tls_security_level=may
# SSL 465
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_client_connect_count_limit=10
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_auth_destinations,reject
#smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd
dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog
tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy
# TLS 587
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_etrn_restrictions=reject
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_auth_destination,reject
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
#ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
# flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
# ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
# ${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/libexec/dovecot-lda -f ${sender} -a ${recipient} -d ${user}@{nexthop}
amavisd-new unix - - n - 2 lmtp
-o lmtp_data_done_timeout=1200s
-o lmtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
我当前的 main.cf 是：
compatibility_level = 2
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/local/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/db/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
myhostname = mail.$mydomain
mydomain = mywebsite.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/24, 192.168.0.0/24
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
recipient_delimiter = +
mail_spool_directory = /usr/local/vhosts
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
debug_peer_level = 3
sendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
newaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailq
setgid_group = maildrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
sample_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfix
readme_directory = no
inet_protocols = all
# Authentication
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
#smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = plain, login
# Forbids anonymous and plaintext authentication mechanisms over an
# unencrypted transport layer
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous, noplaintext, noactive, nodictionary
# Allows plaintext mechanisms when talking to the server with TLS
smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-sender-logins-maps.cf
lmtp_tls_fingerprint_digest = sha1
local_header_rewrite_clients = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated
# Virtual mailboxes
local_transport = virtual
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /usr/local/vhosts
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
mailbox_size_limit = 0
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
# The maximal size in bytes of a message, including envelope
# information.
message_size_limit = 104857600
# The maximal number of recipients per message for the smtp message
# delivery transport.
smtp_destination_recipient_limit = 10
# How many simultaneous connections any remote SMTP client is
# allowed to have
smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 10
# The maximal number of message delivery requests that any client is
# allowed to make to this server per time unit.
smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 25
# Limit the number of times RSET can be used
smtpd_junk_command_limit = 1
# Limit number of destination address per message
smtpd_recipient_limit = 50
# Decrease the client limit for sending the HOor EHLO command
smtp_helo_timeout = 60s
always_add_missing_headers = yes
biff = no
enable_long_queue_ids = yes
###### Restrictions 2
# Require HELO or EHLO before commencing a MAIL transaction - RFC 821
smtpd_helo_required = yes
# Disable the SMTPD VRFY command
# Reduces chance of spammer look for valid address
postscreen_disable_vrfy_command = yes
disable_vrfy_command = yes
# Disable rewrite from user%domain to user@domain
allow_percent_hack = no
# Disable rewrite from site!user to user@site
swap_bangpath = no
###### Slowdown Bad Clients
# The maximal number of errors code 500 a remote client is allowed to
# make without delivering mail.
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 3
# The maximal number or errors code 400, server will delay all responses
# using the value from smtpd_error_sleep_time
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 1
# Server response delay in seconds after errors
smtpd_error_sleep_time = 20
# Mime Header Checks
mime_header_checks = pcre:${config_directory}/mime_header_checks
# Amavis
content_filter = amavisd-new:[127.0.0.1]:10024
###### Restrictions
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_unauth_destination
defer_unauth_destination
permit
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
reject_non_fqdn_sender,
reject_unknown_sender_domain,
reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
# check_recipient_access pcre:${config_directory}/recipient_checks.pcre,
reject_unauth_destination,
reject_unauth_pipelining,
# Old versions of Microsoft Outlook only send local hostname.
reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
reject_invalid_hostname,
check_helo_access pcre:${config_directory}/helo_checks.pcre,
check_sender_mx_access cidr:${config_directory}/bogus_mx,
# reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,
reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,
# Blocking Google Mails.
# reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net,
#DNS StUFF site
# reject_unverified_sender,
permit
smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_multi_recipient_bounce
# reject_unauth_pipelining
# permit
masquerade_domains = $mydomain
masquerade_exceptions = root mailer-daemon
notify_classes = data protocol resource software
show_user_unknown_table_name = no
smtp_dns_support_level = enabled
# TLS Settings
smtp_enforce_tls = yes
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
# Mandatory (high-grade) TLS encryption
#smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
# Allow servers from Internet without encryption devliver mail
# Configurado no master.cf
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1
smtpd_tls_protocols = TLSv1.2
smtp_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_eecdh_grade = ultra
tls_eecdh_strong_curve = prime256v1
tls_eecdh_ultra_curve = secp384r1
smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtp_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file = ${config_directory}/dh_2048_params.pem
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 6h
smtp_tls_fingerprint_digest = sha1
smtpd_tls_fingerprint_digest = sha1
smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname, nexthop, dot-nexthop
smtp_tls_secure_cert_match = nexthop
smtp_tls_loglevel = 0
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 0
smtpd_client_port_logging = yes
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/cert.pem
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/cert.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/mail.mywebsite.com.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/mywebsite.com.privatekey
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
openssl_path = /usr/local/bin/openssl
tls_daemon_random_bytes = 64
tls_high_cipherlist = ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
tls_medium_cipherlist = EECDH+ECDSA+CHACHA20 EECDH+CHACHA20 EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+AES256 EECDH+AES256 EECDH+ECDSA+AES128 EECDH+AES128 EECDH+ECDSA+3DES EECDH+3DES EDH+CHACHA20 EDH+AESGCM EDH+AES256 EDH+AES128 EDH+3DES
tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes
tls_random_bytes = 64
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/random
tls_ssl_options = NO_COMPRESSION
我使用的是 FreeBSD 10.3，对设置邮件服务器一无所知，买了一本旧书：No Starch Press - The Book of Postfix，但是它太过时了...经过许多教程之后，我几乎完成了我的电子邮件服务器。
我的第二个问题是类似邮件时内部投递错过，例如：
只有一个域接收该消息...
我也设置了 dovecot，差不多，呵呵呵
如果有人能帮助我指明正确的方向，我将不胜感激，我已经尝试过 stackExchange 的解决方案，但没有成功。
如果我使用 SQL 在 Relay_domains 上设置我的域，我的服务器将无法进行在线测试，并提示现在是一个开放中继...
例如，更改 main.cf：
Relay_domains = 代理：mysql：/usr/local/etc/postfix/ntsql-virtual-domains.cf
relay_domains然后我可以从我的 4G 智能手机发送邮件，日志只是警告不要在和中使用相同的域名两次virtual_mailbox_domains。
答案1
看起来您至少尝试过让 SASL 工作，但产生错误的客户端似乎没有尝试进行身份验证。我建议确保 smtp 身份验证工作正常，确认客户端已配置为进行身份验证，然后从那里开始。
您可以通过使用 openssl 客户端连接到 smtp 提交端口并发送命令来手动测试 smtp 身份验证auth login。
openssl s_client -connect localhost:587 -starttls smtp -ign_eof
.....
250 SMTPUTF8
auth login (<-- send login command)
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
ABCDEF01234 (<-- base64 encoded username)
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
ABCDEF01234 (<-- base64 encoded password)
235 2.7.0 Authentication successful
quit (<-- disconnect)
221 2.0.0 Bye
答案2
尝试在reject_non_fqdn_hostname下进行注释smtpd_recipient_restrictions。
在您的 中main.cf，smtpd_recipient_restrictions包含reject_non_fqdn_hostname（指的是客户端在 期间指定的客户端名称HELO）和来自记录案例中的客户端的smtpd_helo_required = yes.行： ，它不是 FQDN，因此应该根据您的配置被拒绝。HELOhelo=<[100.64.250.167]>
答案3
我们遇到了类似的问题，在 LAN 内连接时，postfix 工作正常。但是一旦将设备切换到外部网络，邮件就无法发送。原来是 IPv6 与 IPv4 的问题。一旦我们将 postfix 设置更改为仅使用 IPv4，一切就开始正常工作了。
在 Linux 服务器 [centos] 上，你可以按如下方式设置
#inet_protocols=all <-- comment this line
inet_protocols=ipv4 <-- add this value
在 /etc/postfix/main.cf 文件中。Ubuntu 也应该有一些类似的文件需要更新。