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接收电子邮件：

tag-icon • tag-icon debian sendmail debian-stretch
接收电子邮件：

新手第一次尝试使用 sendmail。唯一的问题邮件从未到达（甚至不是垃圾邮件）我有以下日志：

邮件错误是空的

邮件日志显示accepted for delivery，但有时我也得到，stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com但不是总是如此，所以不确定这是否是问题所在？

我已经检查过端口 25 是否打开netstat -tuplen | grep 25

邮件日志：

Feb 17 16:57:16 mysite sendmail[1457]: w1HGvG6p001457:     [email protected], ctladdr=www-data (33/33), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30423, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w1HGvG8t001458 Message accepted for delivery)

Feb 17 17:00:09 mysite sm-mta[689]: w1HGiDDr003604: to=.   <[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (33/33), delay=00:15:56, xdelay=00:10:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=120652, relay=alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [74.125.28.26], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.


队列文件是这样的：

V8
T1518886636
K0
N0
P30652
Fbs
$_localhost [127.0.0.1]
$rESMTP
$smysite.com
${daemon_flags}
${if_addr}127.0.0.1
S<[email protected]>
A<>
rRFC822; [email protected]
RPFD:<[email protected]>
H?P?Return-Path: <�g>
H??Received: from mysite.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
    by mysite.com (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-8) with ESMTP id w1HGvG8t001458
    for <[email protected]>; Sat, 17 Feb 2018 16:57:16 GMT
H?x?Full-Name: www-data
H??Received: (from www-data@localhost)
    by bikecomparator.com (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id w1HGvG6p001457;
    Sat, 17 Feb 2018 16:57:16 GMT
H??Date: Sat, 17 Feb 2018 16:57:16 GMT
H??Message-Id: <[email protected]>
H??To: [email protected]
H??Subject: Signup | Verification
H??X-PHP-Originating-Script: 1000:userMgmt.php
H??From:[email protected]

netstat -ntlp | grep sendmail

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      687/sendmail: MTA:  
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:587           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      687/sendmail: MTA:


主办方 127.0.0.1 localhost mysite.com

热名 mysite.com

/etc/mail/sendmail.mc

define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl
include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl
VERSIONID(`$Id: sendmail.mc, v 8.15.2-8 2016-12-08 18:43:49 cowboy Exp $')
OSTYPE(`debian')dnl
DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl        #DAEMON_HOSTSTATS=
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
dnl #
dnl # General defines
dnl #
dnl # SAFE_FILE_ENV: [undefined] If set, sendmail will do a chroot()
dnl #   into this directory before writing files.
dnl #   If *all* your user accounts are under /home then use that
dnl #   instead - it will prevent any writes outside of /home !
dnl #   define(`confSAFE_FILE_ENV',             `')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Daemon options - restrict to servicing LOCALHOST ONLY !!!
dnl # Remove `, Addr=' clauses to receive from any interface
dnl # If you want to support IPv6, switch the commented/uncommentd  lines
dnl #
FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MTA-v6, Port=smtp,     Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp,      Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MSP-v6, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MSP-v4, Port=submission, M=Ea,  Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Be somewhat anal in what we allow
define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',dnl`needmailhelo,needexpnhelo,needvrfyhelo,restrictqrun,restrictexpand,nobodyreturn,authwarnings')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Define connection throttling and window length
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `15')dnl
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_WINDOW_SIZE',`10m')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Features
dnl #
dnl # use /etc/mail/local-host-names
FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The access db is the basis for most of sendmail's checking
FEATURE(`access_db', , `skip')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The greet_pause feature stops some automail bots - but check  the
dnl # provided access db for details on excluding localhosts...
FEATURE(`greet_pause', `1000')dnl 1 seconds
dnl #
dnl # Delay_checks allows sender<->recipient checking
FEATURE(`delay_checks', `friend', `n')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If we get too many bad recipients, slow things down...
define(`confBAD_RCPT_THROTTLE',`3')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Stop connections that overflow our concurrent and time connection rates
FEATURE(`conncontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
FEATURE(`ratecontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If you're on a dialup link, you should enable this - so    sendmail
dnl # will not bring up the link (it will queue mail for later)
dnl define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE',`True')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Dialup/LAN connection overrides
dnl #
include(`/etc/mail/m4/dialup.m4')dnl
include(`/etc/mail/m4/provider.m4')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Default Mailer setup
MAILER_DEFINITIONS
MAILER(`local')dnl
MAILER(`smtp')dnl

答案1

您的传出 smtp 连接可能被您的 ISP 阻止（作为传出垃圾邮件预防）。

当您通过 telnet 连接到任何 gmail.com MX 的 SMTP 端口时，您是否会收到 SMTP 问候消息来自主持人？[是 sendmail 的错误吗？]

要获取 gmail MX 列表，请使用：dig MX gmail.com

要获取/检查 SMTP 问候语，请使用：telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25

答案2

接收电子邮件：

根据您的netstat -ntlp | grep sendmail输出，您的服务器只是在本地主机（127.0.0.1）中监听，而不是在您的 IP 地址中监听。如果您想接收电子邮件，请检查这。

发送电子邮件：

核实：

  • DNS: host -t mx gmail.com。答案如下：

    gmail.com mail is handled by 10 alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 20 alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 40 alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 5 gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 30 alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.

  • 更多 DNS:（host alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com或另一个 gmail SMTP 服务器）。答案如下：

    alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com has address 209.85.202.27
alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:400b:c00::1a

  • SMTP 端口访问：nc -vv alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25您应该收到 220 代码：

    220 mx.google.com ESMTP 7si2060923qty.86 - gsmtp [831 ms]

如果没有，也许您的 ISP 正在阻止端口 25，您可以尝试使用 SSL 上的 SMTP（端口 465）或 SMTP 提交（端口 587）。

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