我最近添加了StarTech 4 端口 PCIe SATA 卡连接到 Linux 服务器。该卡通过 SFF-8087 连接到 Norco 4224 背板和 4 个新硬盘，我想将这些硬盘配置为新的软件 RAID。
主板（Gigabyte GA-990FXA-UD5）已经有 8 个板载 SATA 端口，使用类似的芯片组（2 x Marvell 88SE9172 芯片），它们运行良好，目前配置为 2 个独立的软件 RAID（使用mdadm）。
但是，系统无法检测到新硬盘，我也无法按照ctrl+M手册的建议进入控制器卡的 BIOS。有人遇到过类似的问题吗？或者有人能给出排除故障的建议吗？提前谢谢！
输出来自lspci（似乎检测到 SATA 卡，从末尾开始的第 5 个条目）：
00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (external gfx0 port B) [1002:5a14] (rev 02)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5000]
00:02.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (PCI express gpp port B) [1002:5a16]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:09.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (PCI express gpp port H) [1002:5a1c]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:0a.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (external gfx1 port A) [1002:5a1d]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:0b.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RD890 PCI to PCI bridge (NB-SB link) [1002:5a1f]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:0c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RD890S PCI Express bridge for GPP2 port 1 [1002:5a20]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:11.0 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [1002:4391] (rev 40)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:b002]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
00:12.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller [1002:4397]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci
Kernel modules: ohci_pci
00:12.2 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller [1002:4396]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:13.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller [1002:4397]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci
Kernel modules: ohci_pci
00:13.2 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller [1002:4396]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:14.0 SMBus [0c05]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SBx00 SMBus Controller [1002:4385] (rev 42)
Kernel modules: i2c_piix4, sp5100_tco
00:14.2 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) [1002:4383] (rev 40)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:a132]
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
00:14.3 ISA bridge [0601]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 LPC host controller [1002:439d] (rev 40)
Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 LPC host controller [1002:439d]
00:14.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge [1002:4384] (rev 40)
00:14.5 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI2 Controller [1002:4399]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci
Kernel modules: ohci_pci
00:15.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB700/SB800/SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 0) [1002:43a0]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:15.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB700/SB800/SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 1) [1002:43a1]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:15.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2) [1002:43a2]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:15.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB900 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 3) [1002:43a3]
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:16.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller [1002:4397]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci
Kernel modules: ohci_pci
00:16.2 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller [1002:4396]
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5004]
Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:18.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h Processor Function 0 [1022:1600]
00:18.1 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h Processor Function 1 [1022:1601]
00:18.2 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h Processor Function 2 [1022:1602]
Kernel modules: amd64_edac_mod
00:18.3 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h Processor Function 3 [1022:1603]
Kernel driver in use: k10temp
Kernel modules: k10temp
00:18.4 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h Processor Function 4 [1022:1604]
Kernel driver in use: fam15h_power
Kernel modules: fam15h_power
00:18.5 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h Processor Function 5 [1022:1605]
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation G98 [GeForce 9300 GE] [10de:06e0] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Pegatron Device [1b0a:9004]
Kernel driver in use: nouveau
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
02:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Etron Technology, Inc. EJ168 USB 3.0 Host Controller [1b6f:7023] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5007]
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
Kernel modules: xhci_hcd
03:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9172 SATA 6Gb/s Controller [1b4b:9172] (rev 11)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:b000]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
04:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Emulex Corporation OneConnect 10Gb NIC (be3) [19a2:0710] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Emulex Corporation Device [10df:e722]
Kernel driver in use: be2net
Kernel modules: be2net
04:00.1 Ethernet controller [0200]: Emulex Corporation OneConnect 10Gb NIC (be3) [19a2:0710] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Emulex Corporation Device [10df:e722]
Kernel driver in use: be2net
Kernel modules: be2net
05:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9230 PCIe SATA 6Gb/s Controller [1b4b:9230] (rev 11)
Subsystem: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9230 PCIe SATA 6Gb/s Controller [1b4b:9230]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
06:0e.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394) [0c00]: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6306/7/8 [Fire II(M)] IEEE 1394 OHCI Controller [1106:3044] (rev c0)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd GA-7VT600-1394 Motherboard [1458:1000]
Kernel driver in use: firewire_ohci
Kernel modules: firewire_ohci
07:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller [10ec:8168] (rev 06)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Motherboard [1458:e000]
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
08:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Etron Technology, Inc. EJ168 USB 3.0 Host Controller [1b6f:7023] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:5007]
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
Kernel modules: xhci_hcd
09:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9172 SATA 6Gb/s Controller [1b4b:9172] (rev 11)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:b000]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
lsblk 的输出（仅检测现有驱动器）：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 111.8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 11G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda2 8:2 0 100.8G 0 part
└─md0 9:0 0 100.8G 0 raid1 /
sdb 8:16 0 111.8G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 111.8G 0 part
└─md0 9:0 0 100.8G 0 raid1 /
sdc 8:32 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 1.8T 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.3T 0 raid6 /Lab_Share
sdd 8:48 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 0 1.8T 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.3T 0 raid6 /Lab_Share
sde 8:64 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sde1 8:65 0 1.8T 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.3T 0 raid6 /Lab_Share
sdf 8:80 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdf1 8:81 0 1.8T 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.3T 0 raid6 /Lab_Share
sdg 8:96 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─md1 9:1 0 7.3T 0 raid6 /Lab_Share
sdh 8:112 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdh1 8:113 0 1.8T 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.3T 0 raid6 /Lab_Share
答案1
我们最终找到了问题所在，是电缆类型错误。
我们正在使用前向分支电缆。
此特定设置需要离散至 SFF-8087（反向分支）电缆。
Unraid.net 有解释正向和反向分支 SFF-8087 电缆之间的区别，尽管从外观上看它们一模一样。
答案2
倒数第五个 PCI 设备不是 StarTech SATA 卡，而是 Marvell 6Gbps 芯片组。
我没有看到列出的 PCI SATA 卡。它可能有缺陷，我对此深信不疑。我以前在一家电脑店工作，那里到处都使用这些卡，它们的开箱故障率约为 10%。这可能是抽样偏差，但在几百个中我倾向于相信趋势。
确保您的 BIOS 中没有禁用 PCI 卡或 PCIe 到 PCI 桥的设置。一些安装程序将此称为“无遗留”模式。