谢谢大家的帮助:)，我正在开发一个直接批量邮件发送项目，我的程序运行正常，然后它给了我一个错误，然后我花了太多时间在过去两天（我睡着了）调试过的文章中进行大量搜索。导致这个问题的小事情是“str（email）”电子邮件代表发件人列表（用于批量发送不同的帐户）并且它应该是一个列表而不是str :/，它花费了太多时间，但在这段旅程中我学到了很多很酷的东西:)简而言之：不要害怕犯小错误
我可以使用外部 openssl 连接，但无法使用 telnet（在 mail.example.com:587 上）
openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:587
在 smtp 连接被外部主机关闭后，我执行了 starttls
邮件日志
Dec 6 15:45:45 example postfix/submission/smtpd[5149]: connect from unknown[********]
Dec 6 15:45:57 example postfix/submission/smtpd[5149]: SSL_accept error from unknown[********]: -1
Dec 6 15:45:57 example postfix/submission/smtpd[5149]: warning: TLS **library problem: error:1408F10B:SSL routines:ssl3_get_record:wrong version number:../ssl/record/ssl3_record.c:252:**
Dec 6 15:45:57 example postfix/submission/smtpd[5149]: lost connection after STARTTLS from unknown[*******]
Dec 6 15:45:57 example postfix/submission/smtpd[5149]: disconnect from unknown[*********] ehlo=1 starttls=0/1 commands=1/2
后配置-n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
command_directory = /usr/sbin
compatibility_level = 2
daemon_directory = /usr/lib/postfix/sbin
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
home_mailbox = Maildir/
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
local_recipient_maps = unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps
mailbox_size_limit = 0
milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 2
mydestination = mail.example.com,example.com, localhost,localhost.localdomain
mydomain = example.com
myhostname = mail.example.com
mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8,***.**.***.**/25
myorigin = /etc/mailname
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
recipient_delimiter = +
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
smtp_tls_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, permit
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain
smtpd_sasl_path = auth/dovecot
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/cert-20181202-231932.pem
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/key-20181202-231932.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtputf8_enable = yes
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
主配置文件
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
#submission inet n - y - - smtpd
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=no
#-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
# -o smtpd_sasl_path = auth/dovecot
-o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions= permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
dovecot配置文件
disable_plaintext_auth = no
mail_privileged_group = mail
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
auth_mechanisms = plain
auth_username_format ="%Ln"
userdb {
driver = passwd
}
passdb {
args = %s
driver = pam
}
protocols = " imap"
protocol imap {
mail_plugins = " auto"
}
plugin {
autocreate = Trash
autocreate2 = Sent
autosubscribe = Trash
autosubscribe2 = Sent
}
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
}
}
listen = *
ssl=yes
ssl_cert = </etc/postfix/cert-20181202-231932.pem
ssl_key = </etc/postfix/key-20181202-231932.pem
网络状态
netstat --proto=inet -pnl | grep 587
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5073/master
openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:587
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
******************************
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
issuer=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 2531 bytes and written 302 bytes
Verification error: self signed certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 4096 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: E34DC2BC95BF207D4B5E38C6FABD2A25AC43290A994C50C7AEC183CA224A31D2
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 0413A1112B664D6FA2EA348D70F6614AF5567338F0C61FDDC62030DC24A9C7719332CE322960AC5DD1D84A1205E2B0B9
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 97 4c 40 cf ae aa cc f3-32 80 52 0d fe 9f c0 da [email protected].....
0010 - a5 b8 3f 3c 0d ae 29 a7-88 b4 c1 6b 65 bf 38 e0 ..?<..)....ke.8.
0020 - cc f9 05 93 43 4f 60 d4-a2 0f 3e 27 88 3e 13 1b ....CO`...>'.>..
0030 - 6a 31 01 86 5a 83 4c 80-a4 c4 5f 6b 6c bb ee e6 j1..Z.L..._kl...
0040 - 5c 02 71 e1 2f 1e 96 38-4c 58 65 02 2e 89 78 96 \.q./..8LXe...x.
0050 - 45 a6 b5 0c b4 b5 b6 61-65 c5 43 37 8d 4c 82 99 E......ae.C7.L..
0060 - 88 2f 48 98 ce 9a 68 35-d8 1a b8 86 ff 3b ce 15 ./H...h5.....;..
0070 - 0e e2 fd 02 60 07 1b 2a-2c 6d 0d 3b 32 25 f9 0d ....`..*,m.;2%..
0080 - d6 f8 31 2f 04 88 84 c9-bb 98 b3 fa ee 72 bd c1 ..1/.........r..
0090 - 75 29 31 29 cb 68 99 36-49 77 4e 4a 07 71 ed 6c u)1).h.6IwNJ.q.l
00a0 - 20 88 c3 4d f3 d1 1c 3e-a4 16 7a 53 53 8b 51 17 ..M...>..zSS.Q.
Start Time: 1544115275
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
Extended master secret: yes
---
250
telnet mail.example.com 587
Connected to mail.example.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.example.com ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
ehlo mail.example.com
250-mail.example.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH PLAIN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250-DSN
250 SMTPUTF8
starttls
220 2.0.0 Ready to start TLS
auth plain AHJvb3QAZXhhbXBsZXBhc3M=
Connection closed by foreign host.
答案1
STARTTLS 命令表示客户端想要将连接升级到 TLS。在服务器成功响应后，客户端现在应该将连接升级到 TLS。openssl s_client ... -starttls smtp具体来说，就是启动与服务器的 TLS 握手，并让用户在握手完成后使用现在加密的连接与服务器通信。
您尝试使用 执行此操作，telnet但不会升级到 TLS。telnet不知道应该如何以及何时进行 TLS 握手。这意味着即使服务器期望开始 TLS 握手，您仍会继续与服务器进行简单的通信。这就是为什么您的服务器尝试将您的解释auth plain ...为 TLS ClientHello，并且由于它不是 TLS，因此无法继续并发出您看到的错误消息。
简而言之：您不能将其用于telnet此。
答案2
带有 SSL 和 STARTTLS 支持的 telnet 客户端/程序 [调试]
您可以使用telnet-ssl软件包（在 Linux/Debian 上可用）而不是telnet获取 telnet 客户端支持
- “立即使用 SSL”（端口 465 上的 smtps）
telnet -z ssl smtp.gmail.com 465
telnet -z ssl -z verbose -z debug smtp.gmail.com 465 - SMTP 会话期间的 STARTTLS 命令SMTP 命令
startssl之后的 telnet 命令starttls。
使用Ctrl-]键盘序列从 SMTP 会话切换到 telnet 命令模式