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Nginx 启动后无法启动，但使用手动命令可以正常工作

tag-icon • tag-icon nginx uwsgi systemctl
Nginx 启动后无法启动，但使用手动命令可以正常工作

我最近得到了一个 Ubuntu 18 服务器，至少可以说我有点困惑。

首先：如果我运行sudo service nginx start或sudo systemctl start nginx，一切似乎都正常。我的网站正在加载，并且 和sudo service nginx status都sudo systemctl status nginx返回一条全部清除的消息。

现在的问题是：当我重启服务器时，nginx由于网站没有加载，所以它不会自动启动。我试了sudo systemmctl enable nginx又试了一次重启。同样，nginx由于网站没有加载，所以它没有运行。

事实上，如果我重启服务器sudo reboot然后sudo service nginx status或sudo systemctl status nginx出现错误消息。尽管出现错误消息，我仍然可以运行sudo service nginx start或，sudo systemctl start nginx然后一切将恢复正常。

我收到的错误消息如下：

(venv) user@server:/data/project$ sudo systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2019-02-26 17:50:18 CET; 1min 6s ago
     Docs: man:nginx(8)
  Process: 830 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Feb 26 17:50:18 md3.tudelft.nl systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Feb 26 17:50:18 md3.tudelft.nl nginx[830]: nginx: [emerg] open() "/data/project/uwsgi_params" failed (2: No such file or directory) in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/paintingViewer.conf
Feb 26 17:50:18 md3.tudelft.nl nginx[830]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
Feb 26 17:50:18 md3.tudelft.nl systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Feb 26 17:50:18 md3.tudelft.nl systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Feb 26 17:50:18 md3.tudelft.nl systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.

嗯，这似乎很简单：它找不到 uwsgi_params 文件。但是 uwsgi_params 文件确实存在，并且位于正确的位置。

我的nginx.conf文件：

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
     server unix:///data/project/paintingViewer.sock; # for a file socket
    # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket -> works if we use Djano's build in webserver.
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      80;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name server;
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /data/project/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /data/project/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /data/project/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

该/data/project/uwsgi_params文件为：

uwsgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
uwsgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
uwsgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
uwsgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

uwsgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
uwsgi_param  PATH_INFO          $document_uri;
uwsgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
uwsgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
uwsgi_param  REQUEST_SCHEME     $scheme;
uwsgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;

uwsgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
uwsgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
uwsgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
uwsgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

现在，有几件事我不明白：

nginx1）如果我运行start命令，但它nginx在启动时不起作用，怎么可能呢？

status2）当读取文件在 上工作时，如何nginx找到该文件？uwsgistart

3）如何nginx在重启后正常运行？

答案1

Nginx 找不到该文件，因为启动后挂载/外部文件系统尚未准备好。要告诉 nginx 等待挂载，请使用systemctl edit nginx.service并添加以下几行：

[Unit]
RequiresMountsFor=<mountpoint>

或者在你的具体情况下：

[Unit]
RequiresMountsFor=/data

nginx 现在将始终等待/data准备就绪后再启动。

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