我正在尝试使用智能卡（与我用于登录系统的智能卡相同）连接到远程主机。我从智能卡中提取了 rsa 密钥：
$ ssh-keygen -D /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so -e
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAAAgQDJ[...]
然后我把它放在远程的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 里面。远程服务器的 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 包含：
Protocol 2
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes +ssh-rsa
PasswordAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
UsePAM yes
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
X11Forwarding yes
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
当我尝试使用 PKCS11 通过 ssh 进行连接时（请参阅下一个框，了解我认为它不起作用的原因）：
$ ssh -p 8022 -vv -I /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so [email protected]
OpenSSH_7.9p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1a 20 Nov 2018
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/matteo/.ssh/config
debug1: /home/matteo/.ssh/config line 2: Applying options for *
debug1: /home/matteo/.ssh/config line 8: Applying options for 159.213.*
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug2: resolve_canonicalize: hostname XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is address
debug2: ssh_connect_direct
debug1: Connecting to XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX [XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX] port 8022.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: provider /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so: manufacturerID <OpenSC Project> cryptokiVersion 2.20 libraryDescription <OpenSC smartcard framework> libraryVersion 0.19
debug1: provider /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so slot 0: label <PIN CNS0 (MATTEO)> manufacturerID <IC: STMicroelectronics; mask: A> model <PKCS#15 emulate> serial <700000082531237> flags 0x4040c
debug1: have 1 keys
debug1: pkcs11_provider_unref: 0x55a1b3e2a010 refcount 2
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_dsa type 1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_xmss type -1
debug1: identity file /home/matteo/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.9
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH_7.0*,OpenSSH_7.1*,OpenSSH_7.2*,OpenSSH_7.3*,OpenSSH_7.4*,OpenSSH_7.5*,OpenSSH_7.6*,OpenSSH_7.7* compat 0x04000002
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:8022 as 'matteo'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:4B9UqbstaHrknxwJHHuvx5pAHGDLvPxMSAEUWt6YyjE
debug1: checking without port identifier
debug1: Host 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/matteo/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: found matching key w/out port
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: Skipping ssh-rsa key /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so - not in PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
debug1: pkcs11_provider_unref: 0x55a1b3e2a010 refcount 2
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_dsa DSA SHA256:Lrv0jwwVeXGDOt9g0cxRg9h3E5rkcLF8Lkm+7qJSKoo
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_xmss
debug2: pubkey_prepare: done
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Offering public key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_dsa DSA SHA256:Lrv0jwwVeXGDOt9g0cxRg9h3E5rkcLF8Lkm+7qJSKoo
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Trying private key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Trying private key: /home/matteo/.ssh/id_xmss
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[email protected]'s password:
正如我所说，有些事情是错误的，在我看来，
debug1: provider /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so: manufacturerID <OpenSC Project> cryptokiVersion 2.20 libraryDescription <OpenSC smartcard framework> libraryVersion 0.19
debug1: provider /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so slot 0: label <PIN CNS0 (MATTEO)> manufacturerID <IC: STMicroelectronics; mask: A> model <PKCS#15 emulate> serial <700000082531237> flags 0x4040c
debug1: have 1 keys
debug1: pkcs11_provider_unref: 0x55a1b3e2a010 refcount 2
我是不是程序哪里错了？这是个 bug 吗？我试过 2 个不同的智能卡（芯片组 Athena）、2 个智能卡读卡器（Dell Dell 智能卡读卡器键盘和插槽 1 (0x4)：OMNIKEY CardMan 4321 01 00）、2 个操作系统（debian 9 和 antergos）、2 个不同的远程操作系统（centos 7 和 debian 9）。无论我怎么做，都不起作用。我再说一遍，当我尝试使用智能卡在网站上进行身份验证并在系统上登录并使用 sudo 时，一切都按预期工作。
谢谢！
答案1
我认为相关部分是这样的：
debug1：跳过 ssh-rsa 密钥 /usr/lib64/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so - 不在 PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes 中
这很有趣，因为您似乎确实允许使用 ssh-rsa 密钥。我会在服务器重启后立即查看服务器日志。