语境
我有一个使用以下堆栈的单页网络应用程序:
- React 用于前端
- Django 作为后端
- Nginx 用于 Web 服务器
Web 应用程序使用 dockerized docker-compose
。我的 React 应用程序从 Django 服务器获取数据(django 使用 Django Rest Framework 构建为 api 端点)。
疑问/问题
我在部署时遇到问题,无法通过 Nginx 提供媒体文件。
到目前为止我尝试过什么
我最初的想法是提供媒体文件,如 stackoverflow 上所示邮政- 这很简单。但是,由于 Nginx 在自己的 docker 中运行(我的 django 服务器也是如此),我无法指向我的 django 媒体文件,因为它们位于不同的容器中。
理想情况下,我不想使用 webpack,而是让 Nginx 负责提供媒体文件。
如果您查看下面的 nginx Dockerfile,您将看到我正在将静态文件复制到 nginx 中,/usr/share/nginx/html/static/staticfiles
然后使用 nginx 提供它们(参见location ^~ /static/
)nginx.conf
。我尝试对我的媒体文件执行相同的操作(作为测试),并且成功了 - 但是,网站启动后我上传的所有文件都无法访问,因为复制发生在我构建容器时。
文件结构
Root Dirc
|__ docker-compose.yml
|__ backend
|__ root
|__ Project
|__ api
|__ models.py
|__ ...
|__ media
|__ teddycrepineau
|__ settings.py
|__ ...
|__ production
|__ Dockerfile
|__ nginx
|__ Dockerfile
|__ nginx.conf
|__ frontend
|__ ...
相关代码
docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
volumes:
postgres_data: {}
postgres_backup: {}
services:
postgres:
image: postgres
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- postgres_backup:/backups
env_file: .env
nginx:
container_name: nginx
build:
context: .
dockerfile: ./nginx/Dockerfile
image: nginx
restart: always
depends_on:
- django
ports:
- "80:80"
django:
container_name: django
build:
context: backend
dockerfile: ./root/production/Dockerfile
hostname: django
ports:
- 8000:8000
volumes:
- ./backend:/app/
depends_on:
- postgres
command: >
bash -c '
python3 ./root/manage.py makemigrations &&
python3 ./root/manage.py migrate &&
python3 ./root/manage.py initadmin &&
gunicorn teddycrepineau.wsgi -b 0.0.0.0:8000 --chdir=./root/'
env_file: .env
nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
upstream app {
server django:8000;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name 0.0.0.0;
charset utf-80;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ @proxy_to_app;
}
location @proxy_to_app {
rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.html last;
}
location ^~ /static/ {
autoindex on;
alias /usr/share/nginx/html/static/;
}
location ~ ^/api {
proxy_pass http://django:8000;
}
location ~ ^/admin {
proxy_pass http://django:8000;
}
}
}
nginx Dockerfile
FROM nginx:latest
ADD ./nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
COPY ./frontend/build /usr/share/nginx/html
COPY ./backend/root/staticfiles /usr/share/nginx/html/static/staticfiles
Django Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
RUN mkdir /app
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
ADD /root/requirements.txt /app/
WORKDIR /app/
ADD . /app/
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8000
Django 设置.py
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
APPS_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'project')
....
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(APPS_DIR, 'media/')
Django urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
re_path(r'^api/', include('project.api.urls')),
path('summernote/', include('django_summernote.urls')),
]
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
更新
当我安装共享卷并在我的卷中引用它时,尝试访问 django 后端上传的图像时nginx.conf
出现问题。404 page not found
docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
volumes:
postgres_data: {}
postgres_backup: {}
services:
postgres:
image: postgres
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- postgres_backup:/backups
env_file: .env
nginx:
container_name: nginx
build:
context: .
dockerfile: ./nginx/Dockerfile
image: nginx
restart: always
depends_on:
- django
ports:
- "80:80"
volumes:
- ./static:/app/backend/root/staticfiles
- ./media:/app/backend/root/project/media
django:
container_name: django
build:
context: backend
dockerfile: ./root/production/Dockerfile
hostname: django
ports:
- 8000:8000
volumes:
- ./backend:/app/
- ./static:/app/backend/root/staticfiles
- ./media:/app/backend/root/project/media
depends_on:
- postgres
command: >
bash -c '
python3 ./root/manage.py collectstatic --no-input &&
python3 ./root/manage.py makemigrations &&
python3 ./root/manage.py migrate &&
python3 ./root/manage.py initadmin &&
gunicorn teddycrepineau.wsgi -b 0.0.0.0:8000 --chdir=./root/'
env_file: .env
nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
upstream app {
server django:8000;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-80;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ @proxy_to_app;
}
location @proxy_to_app {
rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.html last;
}
location ^~ /static/ {
autoindex on;
alias /usr/share/nginx/html/static/;
}
location ^~ /media/ {
autoindex on;
alias /app/backend/root/project/media/;
}
location ~ ^/api {
proxy_pass http://django:8000;
}
location ~ ^/admin {
proxy_pass http://django:8000;
}
}
}
答案1
如果此问题仅发生在 Django 中,您可以尝试更改静态文件格式 -
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]
一般来说,当我们进行生产时,静态文件会出现一些问题,所以它可能会有所帮助!
这文档可以帮助 !