今天我重启了服务器，发现它挂了。我注释掉了 fstab 中加载 /dev/md0 的条目，机器继续启动。在重启之前，raid 可以访问并正常工作，我只是因为系统更新才重启的。
服务器主板是 Supermicro X9SAE，系统有 14 个磁盘、1 个 SSD 启动驱动器和 raid6 阵列中的 13 个磁盘。阵列中的 5/13 个磁盘连接到板载 Sata。阵列中的 8/13 个磁盘连接到 IT 模式 LSI 9211-8i
sudo fdisk -l 显示所有 13 个驱动器，并且所有 13 个驱动器都通过了智能测试
尝试从命令行手动挂载：
sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/md0
mount: /mnt/md0: can't read superblock on /dev/md0.
cat /proc/mdstat
md0 : inactive sdh[13](S) sdc[8](S) sdm[0](S) sdb[7](S) sdj[14](S) sdd[9](S) sdk[5](S) sdg[12](S) sda[6](S) sdn[2](S) sdl[1](S) sde[10](S) sdf[11](S)
76185162872 blocks super 1.2
接下来我尝试：
sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh /dev/sdj /dev/sdk /dev/sdl /dev/sdm /dev/sdn
mdadm: /dev/md0 assembled from 5 drives - not enough to start the array.
我觉得很奇怪，它尝试了 5 个驱动器，也就是板载 sdj-sdn 上连接的驱动器数量。所以我尝试只使用卡上的驱动器进行组装：
sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh
mdadm: /dev/md0 assembled from 8 drives - not enough to start the array.
通过这种方式，它试图从 8 个驱动器进行组装。因此，似乎 5 个板载磁盘与卡上连接的 8 个驱动器不同步，但这纯粹是猜测。接下来我检查了每个驱动器。
接下来的部分会相当长，它是 mdadm --检查所有 13 个驱动器的详细信息。我在这里注意到的是，驱动器 sda-sdh 都显示所有磁盘都存在，但驱动器 sdj-sdn 显示阵列状态缺少 8 个驱动器，还注意到事件计数，板载驱动器有事件：1913088，而卡上的事件为 1913085：
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 344864e7:5e19631d:0b14d41f:58264c67
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : 447ce0e - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 12
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 244b3058:6919fa6f:c2499e3d:fb9db6e1
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : 5fdf7e64 - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 11
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdc
/dev/sdc:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 9081b898:7782d040:acdcc700:e8621ca2
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : f4cd75b5 - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 10
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd
/dev/sdd:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 1b569018:549dae95:bbd59910:601886e3
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : 1abf13a6 - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 9
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sde
/dev/sde:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 534b24a4:63d20861:502e4012:53fe2652
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : e1f47c75 - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 8
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdf
/dev/sdf:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 0821860a:7b75d1cc:bb512247:3dc34a12
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : a924dd98 - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 7
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdg
/dev/sdg:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 0c870013:b577639c:eba5f8d4:10a5fee4
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : e1bb7bdb - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 6
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdh
/dev/sdh:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 06713ac7:ab2a7de0:d6e0d447:52ed0231
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:38 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : 98ef9bf9 - correct
Events : 1913085
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 5
Array State : AAAAAAAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdj
/dev/sdj:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250800 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : d6fb6b75:18fee031:84b97ab4:43ee3754
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:43 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 32 sectors
Checksum : 283bd3b6 - correct
Events : 1913088
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 3
Array State : AAAAA........ ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdk
/dev/sdk:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250792 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : aa02fdc1:15332b2a:eee48dee:9d6a91df
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:43 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 3283b76b - correct
Events : 1913088
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 4
Array State : AAAAA........ ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdl
/dev/sdl:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250792 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 4701d341:4c70e117:8a8d37a0:19f8b474
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:43 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : e6dd2971 - correct
Events : 1913088
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AAAAA........ ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdm
/dev/sdm:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250792 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : ab1c4435:3c735172:3cf07404:f66f2944
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:43 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 68702233 - correct
Events : 1913088
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AAAAA........ ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdn
/dev/sdn:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 13
Avail Dev Size : 11720794288 (5588.91 GiB 6001.05 GB)
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 11720782848 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Data Offset : 250880 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=250792 sectors, after=11440 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : b7465e3e:502defd4:dcf61288:b0f14a84
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Thu Apr 18 09:07:43 2019
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 72 sectors
Checksum : 97e78eb0 - correct
Events : 1913088
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 2
Array State : AAAAA........ ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
这是 4 月 17 日的时候，当时它还在工作：
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Nov 5 18:56:32 2016
Raid Level : raid6
Array Size : 64464305664 (61477.95 GiB 66011.45 GB)
Used Dev Size : 5860391424 (5588.90 GiB 6001.04 GB)
Raid Devices : 13
Total Devices : 13
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Intent Bitmap : Internal
Update Time : Tue Apr 16 19:14:14 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 13
Working Devices : 13
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : bitmap
Name : ubuntu:0 (local to host ubuntu)
UUID : 405dae60:c540c726:087bbaaf:a15c79c5
Events : 1913085
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 192 0 active sync /dev/sdm
1 8 176 1 active sync /dev/sdl
2 8 208 2 active sync /dev/sdn
14 8 144 3 active sync /dev/sdj
5 8 160 4 active sync /dev/sdk
13 8 112 5 active sync /dev/sdh
12 8 96 6 active sync /dev/sdg
11 8 80 7 active sync /dev/sdf
10 8 64 8 active sync /dev/sde
9 8 48 9 active sync /dev/sdd
8 8 32 10 active sync /dev/sdc
7 8 16 11 active sync /dev/sdb
6 8 0 12 active sync /dev/sda
我下一步该怎么做才能使阵列重新上线？
答案1
这是我所做的，阵列重新上线并且似乎正在工作。奇怪的是，最后一条消息是“不足以启动阵列”。但它确实启动了，重新启动后，阵列处于活动状态且干净，并且所有事件计数都匹配。某个地方可能有少量数据损坏，但系统已经闲置了几天而没有问题，所以我怀疑这是我会错过的任何事情。
将密切关注系统一段时间，以及事件计数。
sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md0
sudo mdadm --assemble --scan --force
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdh(5) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdg(6) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdf(7) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sde(8) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdd(9) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdc(10) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdb(11) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sda(12) from 1913085 upto 1913088
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 0 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sdh
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 1 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sdg
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 3 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sdf
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 2 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sde
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 4 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sdd
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 5 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sdc
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 6 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sdb
mdadm: clearing FAULTY flag for device 7 in /dev/md0 for /dev/sda
mdadm: Marking array /dev/md0 as 'clean'
mdadm: /dev/md0 assembled from 13 drives - not enough to start the array.