我有一个 digitalocean droplet，上面运行着 Ubuntu 16.04。我使用 Nginx 为它提供大部分静态网站服务，但它突然停止工作了。
（正如您可能从这个介绍中理解的那样，我对这方面还只是个初学者。）
我尝试过重启 nginx：
$ sudo service nginx restart
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
systemctl 状态 nginx.service：
$ systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-04-25 12:31:46 UTC; 55s ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Process: 8232 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 8221 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
journalctl-xe
$ sudo journalctl -u nginx
- Logs begin at Thu 2019-03-21 01:07:26 UTC, end at Thu 2019-04-25 12:54:26 UTC. --
Apr 25 10:33:29 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Stopping A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Apr 25 10:33:29 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Stopped A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
-- Reboot --
Apr 25 10:34:16 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Apr 25 10:34:17 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:17 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:18 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:18 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:18 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:18 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:19 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:19 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:19 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:19 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 10:34:20 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[1242]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Apr 25 10:34:20 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Apr 25 10:34:20 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 25 10:34:20 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
Apr 25 12:08:48 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Apr 25 12:08:48 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:48 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:49 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:49 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:49 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:49 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:50 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:50 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:50 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:50 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:08:51 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[21464]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Apr 25 12:08:51 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Apr 25 12:08:51 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 25 12:08:51 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
Apr 25 12:10:24 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Apr 25 12:10:25 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:25 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:25 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:25 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:26 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:26 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:26 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:26 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:27 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:27 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:10:27 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[25175]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Apr 25 12:10:27 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Apr 25 12:10:27 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 25 12:10:27 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
Apr 25 12:12:59 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Apr 25 12:12:59 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[30965]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:12:59 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[30965]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:12:59 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[30965]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:12:59 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[30965]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Apr 25 12:13:00 ubuntu-s-michaelsimsoe nginx[30965]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
在我注意到错误之前，我已完成以下操作：* 更改 root 密码 * 更改用户 michaels 的密码 * 更改网站文件夹的所有权（我正在尝试设置 webhook）
您认为它可能是什么吗？
编辑：一些附加信息
$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
$ ps -A | nginx
nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/var/log/nginx/error.log" failed (13: Permission denied)
2019/04/25 13:09:32 [warn] 28351#28351: the "user" directive makes sense only if the master process runs with super-user privileges, ignored in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:1
2019/04/25 13:09:32 [emerg] 28351#28351: BIO_new_file("/etc/letsencrypt/live/huske.michaelsimsoe.no/fullchain.pem") failed (SSL: error:0200100D:system library:fopen:Permission denied:fopen('/etc/letsencrypt/live/huske.michaelsimsoe.no/fullchain.pem','r') error:2006D002:BIO routines:BIO_new_file:system lib)
在安装 nginx 之前，我有一些由 Apache 提供的页面。我仍然可以访问这些页面。
答案1
某个其他进程已在运行并绑定到端口 80/443，因此 systemd 无法启动 nginx。这几乎总是因为进程是手动启动的而不是通过 systemd 启动的，或者因为您尝试同时启动两个不同的 Web 服务器。
要解决该问题，请自行终止该进程，然后通过 systemd 重新启动它。
sudo killall apache2