我在 Windows 10 上。我使用 Shrew Soft VPN 连接到两个 VPN 服务器。我能够同时连接到这两个服务器。ipconfig将显示两个具有预期 IP 的虚拟适配器。在尝试调试与其中一个 VPN 服务器的间歇性连接问题时，我卸载并重新安装了 Shrew Soft VPN。现在我无法同时连接到多个 VPN 服务器。
如果我在已经连接到第一个连接的情况下启动第二个连接，虚拟适配器会显示出来，但处于断开连接状态（媒体断开连接）。如果我断开与第一个连接的连接，则 ipconfig 会显示虚拟适配器，但现在它已连接并具有预期的 IP。
我不确定我做了什么更改；我所做的只是重新安装客户端。有人见过这个特定问题吗？或者有办法调试此问题——我应该研究什么吗？
更新
我已经验证了 Cisco AnyConnect 网络访问管理器（随 Cisco AnyConnect 安全移动客户端提供）负责；它被设计为一次只允许一个连接。当它看到正在建立第二条隧道时，它会进行干预并断开连接。
您可以在连接时从日志（使用Get-EventLog -LogName "Cisco AnyConnect Network Access Manager"）中看到这一点。以下是一些相关条目。建立第一个隧道时，一切正常：
256940 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5848: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.245 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Binding adapter Shrew Soft Virtual Adapter and machine auth for network wired
256939 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5847: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.245 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Network wired: AccessStateMachine current state = ACCESS_STARTED, received userEvent = ATTACH_ADAPTER
256938 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5846: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.235 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Clear scheduled datagrams for new accepted connections.
256936 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728606 5845: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.234 +0700: %NAM-6-INFO_MSG: %[tid=4856]: matching adapter {367A782C-375C-447C-9963-B0298B9AD093} and network wired ...
256934 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5844: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.234 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Not a user connection attempt during logon
256932 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5843: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.234 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: starting makeMatches...
256931 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5842: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.234 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : ACTION_DISCONNECT_LINK_CHANGED
256930 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5841: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.233 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM state change: STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN -> STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_UP
256929 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5840: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.233 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN), event(EVENT_LINK_UP)
256928 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5839: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.233 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: AceAdapterImpl::linkUpStatusEvent()
256927 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5838: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.233 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Sending port up status after querying link state
256926 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5837: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.233 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: PortUpStatusEventImpl::processEvent()
256925 May 22 08:49 Warning NAM 2751470428 5836: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:09.233 +0700: %NAM-4-WARNING_MSG: %[tid=4920][comp=SAE]: NET (0) *WARNING: SscfCallback(3): BSSID OID query failed -- continuing with link event
256921 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5835: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : <unknown>
256920 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5834: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN), event(EVENT_LINK_DOWN)
256919 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5833: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Matchmaking for media type mobile-broadband failed because there are no available networks.
256918 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5832: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Not a user connection attempt during logon
256917 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5831: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Matchmaking for media type 802.11(wifi) failed because there are no available networks.
256916 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5830: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Matchmaking for media type 802.11(wifi) failed because there are no available adapters.
256915 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5829: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Not a user connection attempt during logon
256914 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5828: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Matchmaking for media type 802.3(wired) failed because there are no available adapters.
256913 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5827: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: starting makeMatches...
256912 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5826: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.296 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : <unknown>
256911 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5825: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN), event(EVENT_AUTH_SUCCESS)
256910 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5824: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {367A782C-375C-447C-9963-B0298B9AD093} - Received STATE_AUTHENTICATED
256909 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5823: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : <unknown>
256908 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5822: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_UNBOUND), event(EVENT_UNBOUND)
256907 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5821: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728}: symbolic name unbound
256906 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728606 5820: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-6-INFO_MSG: %[tid=4896][mac=1,6,aa:aa:aa:2c:ad:00]: {367A782C-375C-447C-9963-B0298B9AD093}: Port State AUTHENTICATED and status 8021x_FORCED_AUTH
256905 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728606 5819: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.295 +0700: %NAM-6-INFO_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Adapter controlled: {367A782C-375C-447C-9963-B0298B9AD093}
256904 May 22 08:49 Information NAM 1677728607 5818: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:49:08.294 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {367A782C-375C-447C-9963-B0298B9AD093}: Calling acPortAttach
建立第二条隧道时，Cisco AnyConnect NAM 将断开连接，因为最多允许一个连接：
257106 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5974: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.398 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : <unknown>
257105 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728606 5973: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.398 +0700: %NAM-6-INFO_MSG: %[tid=4896][mac=1,6,aa:aa:aa:2c:a2:01]: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728}: Port State UNAUTHENTICATED and status 8021x_FORCED_UNAUTH
257104 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5972: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.398 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_UP), event(EVENT_AUTH_FAIL)
257103 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5971: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.397 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728}: Closing the port
257102 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5970: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.397 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: closing adapter (name = Shrew Soft Virtual Adapter #2)
257101 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5969: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.397 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: skipping (matched) adapter Shrew Soft Virtual Adapter
257099 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5968: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.397 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {C0D2996D-6BF1-4B40-84E2-AACAAA70FBB8}: Closing the port
257098 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5967: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.397 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: closing adapter (name = Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (4) I219-LM)
257096 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5966: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: No matches were made for media type 802.3(wired) because the maximum number of matches had already been made.
257094 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5965: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: starting makeMatches...
257093 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5964: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : ACTION_DISCONNECT_LINK_CHANGED
257092 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5963: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM state change: STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN -> STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_UP
257091 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5962: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN), event(EVENT_LINK_UP)
257090 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5961: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: AceAdapterImpl::linkUpStatusEvent()
257089 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5960: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.396 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Sending port up status after querying link state
257088 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5959: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.395 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: PortUpStatusEventImpl::processEvent()
257087 May 22 08:59 Warning NAM 2751470428 5958: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:14.395 +0700: %NAM-4-WARNING_MSG: %[tid=4920][comp=SAE]: NET (0) *WARNING: SscfCallback(4): BSSID OID query failed -- continuing with link event
257084 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5957: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.463 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: No matches were made for media type 802.3(wired) because the maximum number of matches had already been made.
257082 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5956: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.463 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: starting makeMatches...
257081 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5955: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.460 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : <unknown>
257080 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5954: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.454 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN), event(EVENT_LINK_DOWN)
257079 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5953: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.446 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: handleEventAndDoStateTransitionAction action : <unknown>
257078 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5952: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.440 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: ACE: adapter SM current: state(STATE_DISCONNECTED_LINK_DOWN), event(EVENT_AUTH_SUCCESS)
257077 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5951: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.434 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728} - Received STATE_AUTHENTICATED
257076 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728606 5950: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.425 +0700: %NAM-6-INFO_MSG: %[tid=4856]: Adapter controlled: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728}
257075 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728606 5949: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.425 +0700: %NAM-6-INFO_MSG: %[tid=4896][mac=1,6,aa:aa:aa:2c:a2:01]: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728}: Port State AUTHENTICATED and status 8021x_FORCED_AUTH
257074 May 22 08:59 Information NAM 1677728607 5948: USNB5CG85105Y8: May 22 2019 08:59:13.425 +0700: %NAM-7-DEBUG_MSG: %[tid=4856]: {A5264957-D6BB-45A3-BA0B-3605ED773728}: Calling acPortAttach
下一步是想办法阻止 Cisco NAM 管理这些虚拟适配器。
答案1
我能解决这个问题。解决方案是使用绑定并在虚拟适配器上禁用 Cisco AnyConnect 网络访问管理器过滤器。您需要从管理员 PowerShell 提示符运行 nvspbind。
首先，您需要确定虚拟适配器的名称。我使用以下命令执行了此操作.\nvspbind.exe | Select-String -Pattern "Shrew Soft Virtual Adapter" -Context 0,1。在我的计算机上，我有Local Area Connection* 10和Local Area Connection* 12。
然后我禁用了 Cisco NAM 过滤器，如下所示：
.\nvspbind.exe /d "Local Area Connection* 10" csco_acnamfd.\nvspbind.exe /d "Local Area Connection* 12" csco_acnamfd
您可以通过运行 nvspbind（不带任何参数）并滚动直到找到连接来验证过滤器是否已禁用。您应该看到类似以下内容：
{FB3E5E2E-036C-496A-8357-D5631A7961B8}
"vnet"
"Shrew Soft Virtual Adapter"
"Local Area Connection* 10":
enabled: ms_msclient (Client for Microsoft Networks)
enabled: ms_server (File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks)
enabled: ms_wfplwf_upper (WFP 802.3 MAC Layer LightWeight Filter)
disabled: vms_pp (Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switch)
enabled: ms_pacer (QoS Packet Scheduler)
enabled: ms_tcpip (Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4))
enabled: ms_lldp (Microsoft LLDP Protocol Driver)
enabled: ms_netbt (WINS Client(TCP/IP) Protocol)
enabled: ms_rdma_ndk (Microsoft RDMA - NDK)
disabled: ms_implat (Microsoft Network Adapter Multiplexor Protocol)
enabled: ms_tcpip6 (Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6))
enabled: ms_rspndr (Link-Layer Topology Discovery Responder)
enabled: ms_pppoe (Point to Point Protocol Over Ethernet)
enabled: ms_ndisuio (NDIS Usermode I/O Protocol)
enabled: symc_teefer2 (Symantec Endpoint Protection Firewall)
enabled: ms_lltdio (Link-Layer Topology Discovery Mapper I/O Driver)
enabled: ms_netbios (NetBIOS Interface)
enabled: ms_wfplwf_lower (WFP Native MAC Layer LightWeight Filter)
enabled: ms_ndiscap (Microsoft NDIS Capture)
disabled: csco_acnamfd (Cisco AnyConnect Network Access Manager Filter Driver) <--- should be disabled
enabled: vflt (Shrew Soft Lightweight Filter)
完成此操作后，您应该能够同时建立多个隧道。这也解决了我面临的另一个问题，即在我通过 Shrew Soft VPN 建立隧道后，Cisco NAM 会通过间歇性地阻止添加某些路由来扰乱路由（这使我无法访问我想要的主机）。