我正在尝试使用 Python 让 Chrome 以无头模式运行，但出于某种原因，无论我尝试阅读什么网站，都只会得到一个空白页。
谷歌浏览器：第 77 章
Chrome 驱动程序：最新版本（也尝试过旧版本）
操作系统：Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS（虚拟服务器）
经过几个小时的研究，我发现了几个类似的问题和许多不同的解决方案，但这些解决方案都没有帮助我。
我在本地机器上尝试了具有相同选项的脚本，脚本运行没有任何问题。
Python代码：
options = Options()
options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9555')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors')
options.add_argument('--ignore-ssl-errors')
options.add_argument('--allow-insecure-localhost')
options.add_argument('--allow-running-insecure-content')
options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')
options.add_argument('--start-maximized')
options.binary_location = "/usr/bin/google-chrome-beta"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("https://www.google.de")
driver.save_screenshot('picture.png')
print(driver.page_source.encode('utf-8'))
我也尝试使用 geckodriver 切换到 Firefox，但没有成功。
火狐：68、69、70（每晚）
壁虎驱动程序：0.24 和 0.23
（使用不同的 Firefox/geckodriver 版本组合进行测试）
这里是 geckodriver 的日志：
1566393297399 mozrunner::runner INFO Running command: "/usr/bin/firefox-trunk" "-marionette" "--headless" "--width=1920" "--height=1200" "--allow-insecure-localhost" "-foreground" "-no-remote" "-profile" "/tmp/rust_mozprofileFeIeHY"
*** You are running in headless mode.
1566393298482 [email protected] WARN Loading extension '[email protected]': Reading manifest: Invalid extension permission: mozillaAddons
1566393298482 [email protected] WARN Loading extension '[email protected]': Reading manifest: Invalid extension permission: telemetry
1566393298483 [email protected] WARN Loading extension '[email protected]': Reading manifest: Invalid extension permission: resource://pdf.js/
1566393298483 [email protected] WARN Loading extension '[email protected]': Reading manifest: Invalid extension permission: about:reader*
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error: Datenübergabe unterbrochen (broken pipe): file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/ipc_channel_posix.cc, line 728
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: FileDescriptorSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/file_descriptor_set_posix.cc, line 23
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: FileDescriptorSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/file_descriptor_set_posix.cc, line 23
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: FileDescriptorSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/file_descriptor_set_posix.cc, line 23
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: FileDescriptorSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/file_descriptor_set_posix.cc, line 23
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: FileDescriptorSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/file_descriptor_set_posix.cc, line 23
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: FileDescriptorSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/file_descriptor_set_posix.cc, line 23
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (119): Die Verbindung wurde vom Kommunikationspartner zurückgesetzt: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/ipc_channel_posix.cc, line 358
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (121): Die Verbindung wurde vom Kommunikationspartner zurückgesetzt: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/ipc_channel_posix.cc, line 358
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (123): Die Verbindung wurde vom Kommunikationspartner zurückgesetzt: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/ipc_channel_posix.cc, line 358
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (124): Die Verbindung wurde vom Kommunikationspartner zurückgesetzt: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/ipc_channel_posix.cc, line 358
[Parent 2681, Gecko_IOThread] WARNING: pipe error (130): Die Verbindung wurde vom Kommunikationspartner zurückgesetzt: file /build/firefox-trunk-Wppa8r/firefox-trunk-70.0~a1~hg20190819r488674/ipc/chromium/src/chrome/common/ipc_channel_posix.cc, line 358
###!!! [Parent][MessageChannel] Error: (msgtype=0x37001A,name=PContent::Msg_RegisterChromeItem) Channel error: cannot send/recv
A content process crashed and MOZ_CRASHREPORTER_SHUTDOWN is set, shutting down
JavaScript error: resource://activity-stream/lib/ActivityStreamPrefs.jsm, line 27: NS_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE: Component returned failure code: 0x80070057 (NS_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE) [nsIPrefBranch.removeObserver]
ERROR 2019-08-21T13:15:04Z: xulstore::persist: error creating XULStore thread: NS_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
JavaScript error: resource://gre/modules/XULStore.jsm, line 70: NS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE: Component returned failure code: 0x80040111 (NS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE) [nsIXULStore.setValue]
1566393304745 addons.xpi-utils WARN Error: XPI database modified after shutdown began(resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIDatabase.jsm:1483:17) JS Stack trace: saveChan
[email protected]:1483:17
[email protected]:2285:10
[email protected]:2213:12
[email protected]:4344:27
[email protected]:4371:14
async*[email protected]:4297:16
async*XPIProvider[meth]@XPIProvider.jsm:3110:28
[email protected]:2588:7
[email protected]:4071:33
[email protected]:1151:28
[email protected]:1110:20
async*[email protected]:743:18
async*[email protected]:2010:18
[email protected]:2633:16
[email protected]:4442:21
[email protected]:2042:19
EventListener.handleEvent*[email protected]:1898:12
EventHandlerNonNull*@browser.xhtml:118:39
1566393304746 addons.xpi-utils WARN Error: XPI database modified after shutdown began(resource://gre/modules/addons/XPIDatabase.jsm:1483:17) JS Stack trace: [email protected]:1483:17
[email protected]:2216:10
[email protected]:4344:27
[email protected]:4371:14
async*[email protected]:4297:16
async*XPIProvider[meth]@XPIProvider.jsm:3110:28
[email protected]:2588:7
[email protected]:4071:33
[email protected]:1151:28
[email protected]:1110:20
async*[email protected]:743:18
async*[email protected]:2010:18
[email protected]:2633:16
[email protected]:4442:21
[email protected]:2042:19
JavaScript error: resource://gre/modules/UrlClassifierListManager.jsm, line 602: NS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE: Component returned failure code: 0x80040111 (NS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE) [nsIUrlClassifierStreamUpdater.downloadUpdates
1566393304895 Marionette INFO Listening on port 37073
JavaScript error: resource://gre/modules/JSONFile.jsm, line 173: Error: Data is not ready.
console.log: "RemoteSettingsWorker error: UnknownError: The operation failed for reasons unrelated to the database itself and not covered by any other error code."
###!!! [Parent][DispatchAsyncMessage] Error: PBackgroundIDBFactory::Msg_PBackgroundIDBFactoryRequestConstructor Value error: message was deserialized, but contained an illegal value
JavaScript error: chrome://marionette/content/server.js, line 105: NS_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED: Component returned failure code: 0xc1f30001 (NS_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED) [nsIServerSocket.close]
我也在我的本地机器（Arch Linux）上测试了它，它运行正常，没有任何问题。几乎可以肯定我尝试了所有能在网上找到的方法。任何想法或建议（Firefox 或 Chrome）都将不胜感激。
我已经在考虑在服务器上从 Ubuntu 切换到 CentOS，但想先再试一次。