我的邮件服务器有问题。我有 postfix 和 dovecot，当前配置为：/etc/postfix/main.cf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = learn-linux.eu
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = learn-linux.eu
mydestination = localhost, mail.learn-linux.eu, learn-linux.eu
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-domains-maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,
mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf
主配置文件
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
当我从 telnet 连接到端口 25 时，我从所有端口写邮件都没问题，但是当我写 rcpt 时，会收到临时查找失败。对于邮件服务器配置，我使用了本教程https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/email-with-postfix-dovecot-and-mysql/
我可以毫无问题地连接到 pop3，一切工作正常，但是 smtp 我在发送电子邮件时遇到问题。
我不知道我的配置有什么问题。日志来自 /var/log/mail.log
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 2EEC43EAA9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 2EEC43EAA9: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 2F3743EAA9: uid=0 from=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 2F3743EAA9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 2F3743EAA9: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 2F5D93EAA9: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 2F5D93EAA9: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 2F5D93EAA9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 2F5D93EAA9: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 2F9843EAA9: message has been queued for 6 days
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 2F9843EAA9: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 2F9843EAA9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 2F9843EAA9: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 306D23EAA9: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 306D23EAA9: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 306D23EAA9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 306D23EAA9: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 30B583EAA9: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 30B583EAA9: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 30B583EAA9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:08:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 30B583EAA9: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:08:11 learn-linux dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=10111 uid=0 code=kill)
Sep 15 15:08:12 learn-linux dovecot: log: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
Sep 15 15:08:12 learn-linux dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.2.27 (c0f36b0) starting up for imap, pop3, lmtp (core dumps disabled)
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 3F96D3EA21: message has been queued for 2 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 3F96D3EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 3F96D3EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 3F96D3EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 3FFD23EA21: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 3FFD23EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: 3FFD23EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: 3FFD23EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 413CA3EA21: message has been queued for 6 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 413CA3EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 413CA3EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 413CA3EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 4165F3EA21: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 4165F3EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 4165F3EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 4165F3EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 41A5E3EA21: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 41A5E3EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 41A5E3EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 41A5E3EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 41D153EA21: message has been queued for 2 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 41D153EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: 41D153EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: 41D153EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 41F863EA21: uid=0 from=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 41F863EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 41F863EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 422C63EA21: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 422C63EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: 422C63EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: 422C63EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 4253D3EA21: message has been queued for 6 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 4253D3EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 4253D3EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 4253D3EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 42A4E3EA21: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 42A4E3EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: 42A4E3EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10105]: warning: 42A4E3EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: warning: 42C713EA21: message has been queued for 1 days
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/pickup[10100]: 42C713EA21: uid=0 from=<root>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: 42C713EA21: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Sep 15 15:09:05 learn-linux postfix/cleanup[10103]: warning: 42C713EA21: virtual_alias_maps map lookup problem for [email protected] -- message not accepted, try again later
答案1
我找到了解决方案。当我将服务器 IP 添加到我的网络时，我可以发送电子邮件而不会出现任何问题 :)