通过 cli 断开并重新连接 USB 端口

Question

我的鼠标会随机停止工作。解决办法很简单，拔掉插头再重新插上。有没有办法可以通过命令行来做到这一点？通过命令行进行操作有一些优点。

1. 不会磨损连接器。
2. 快点。
3. 省去了我爬到桌子底下的麻烦。
4. 最重要的是：防止我意外拔掉其他东西。

另外我很好奇如何做到这一点。

操作系统是 Debian 8。

谢谢！

Answer 1

将以下内容保存到usbreset.c

/* usbreset -- send a USB port reset to a USB device */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <linux/usbdevice_fs.h>


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename;
    int fd;
    int rc;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: usbreset device-filename\n");
        return 1;
    }
    filename = argv[1];

    fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("Error opening output file");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Resetting USB device %s\n", filename);
    rc = ioctl(fd, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0);
    if (rc < 0) {
        perror("Error in ioctl");
        return 1;
    }
    printf("Reset successful\n");

    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

在终端中运行以下命令：

1. 编译程序：

   cc usbreset.c -o usbreset
   

2. 获取要重置的 USB 设备的总线和设备 ID：

   lsusb -t 
   
   Bus#  4  
   -Dev#   1 Vendor 0x1d6b Product 0x0001    
   -Dev#   3 Vendor 0x046b Product 0xff10
   

3. 使我们编译的程序可执行：

   chmod +x usbreset
   

4. 以特权执行程序sudo；通过运行以下命令对找到的<Bus>和ids进行必要的替换 ：<Device>lsusb

   sudo ./usbreset /dev/bus/usb/004/003
   
   Resetting USB device /dev/bus/usb/004/003
   
   Reset successful
   

上述程序来源：http://marc.info/?l=linux-usb&m=121459435621262&w=2

Answer 2

我创建了一个 Python 脚本，根据此处的答案简化了整个过程：https://askubuntu.com/questions/645/how-do-you-reset-a-usb-device-from-the-command-line。

将下面的脚本保存为 Reset_usb.py 或克隆此存储库：https://github.com/mcarans/resetusb/。

用法：

python reset_usb.py help ：显示此帮助

sudo python reset_usb.py list : 列出所有 USB 设备

sudo python reset_usb.py path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY ：使用路径 /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY 重置 USB 设备

sudo python reset_usb.py search "search terms" ：使用列表返回的搜索字符串中的搜索词搜索 USB 设备并重置匹配设备

sudo python reset_usb.py listpci ：列出所有 PCI USB 设备

sudo python reset_usb.py pathpci /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X ：使用路径 /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX 重置 PCI USB 设备： XX.X

sudo python reset_usb.py searchpci "search terms" ：使用 listpci 返回的搜索字符串中的搜索词搜索 PCI USB 设备并重置匹配设备

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import fcntl

instructions = '''
Usage: python reset_usb.py help : Show this help
       sudo python reset_usb.py list : List all USB devices
       sudo python reset_usb.py path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY : Reset USB device using path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY
       sudo python reset_usb.py search "search terms" : Search for USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by list and reset matching device
       sudo python reset_usb.py listpci : List all PCI USB devices
       sudo python reset_usb.py pathpci /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X : Reset PCI USB device using path
       sudo python reset_usb.py searchpci "search terms" : Search for PCI USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by listpci and reset matching device       
       '''


if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    print(instructions)
    sys.exit(0)

option = sys.argv[1].lower()
if 'help' in option:
    print(instructions)
    sys.exit(0)


def create_pci_list():
    pci_usb_list = list()
    try:
        lspci_out = Popen('lspci -Dvmm', shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().decode('utf-8')
        pci_devices = lspci_out.split('%s%s' % (os.linesep, os.linesep))
        for pci_device in pci_devices:
            device_dict = dict()
            categories = pci_device.split(os.linesep)
            for category in categories:
                key, value = category.split('\t')
                device_dict[key[:-1]] = value.strip()
            if 'USB' not in device_dict['Class']:
                continue
            for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/sys/bus/pci/drivers/'):
                slot = device_dict['Slot']
                if slot in dirs:
                    device_dict['path'] = os.path.join(root, slot)
                    break
            pci_usb_list.append(device_dict)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to list pci devices! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)
    return pci_usb_list


def create_usb_list():
    device_list = list()
    try:
        lsusb_out = Popen('lsusb -v', shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().decode('utf-8')
        usb_devices = lsusb_out.split('%s%s' % (os.linesep, os.linesep))
        for device_categories in usb_devices:
            if not device_categories:
                continue
            categories = device_categories.split(os.linesep)
            device_stuff = categories[0].strip().split()
            bus = device_stuff[1]
            device = device_stuff[3][:-1]
            device_dict = {'bus': bus, 'device': device}
            device_info = ' '.join(device_stuff[6:])
            device_dict['description'] = device_info
            for category in categories:
                if not category:
                    continue
                categoryinfo = category.strip().split()
                if categoryinfo[0] == 'iManufacturer':
                    manufacturer_info = ' '.join(categoryinfo[2:])
                    device_dict['manufacturer'] = manufacturer_info
                if categoryinfo[0] == 'iProduct':
                    device_info = ' '.join(categoryinfo[2:])
                    device_dict['device'] = device_info
            path = '/dev/bus/usb/%s/%s' % (bus, device)
            device_dict['path'] = path

            device_list.append(device_dict)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to list usb devices! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)
    return device_list


if 'listpci' in option:
    pci_usb_list = create_pci_list()
    for device in pci_usb_list:
        print('path=%s' % device['path'])
        print('    manufacturer=%s' % device['SVendor'])
        print('    device=%s' % device['SDevice'])
        print('    search string=%s %s' % (device['SVendor'], device['SDevice']))
    sys.exit(0)

if 'list' in option:
    usb_list = create_usb_list()
    for device in usb_list:
        print('path=%s' % device['path'])
        print('    description=%s' % device['description'])
        print('    manufacturer=%s' % device['manufacturer'])
        print('    device=%s' % device['device'])
        print('    search string=%s %s %s' % (device['description'], device['manufacturer'], device['device']))
    sys.exit(0)

if len(sys.argv) < 3:
    print(instructions)
    sys.exit(0)

option2 = sys.argv[2]

print('Resetting device: %s' % option2)


# echo -n "0000:39:00.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/unbind;echo -n "0000:39:00.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/bind
def reset_pci_usb_device(dev_path):
    folder, slot = os.path.split(dev_path)
    try:
        fp = open(os.path.join(folder, 'unbind'), 'wt')
        fp.write(slot)
        fp.close()
        fp = open(os.path.join(folder, 'bind'), 'wt')
        fp.write(slot)
        fp.close()
        print('Successfully reset %s' % dev_path)
        sys.exit(0)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to reset device! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)


if 'pathpci' in option:
    reset_pci_usb_device(option2)


if 'searchpci' in option:
    pci_usb_list = create_pci_list()
    for device in pci_usb_list:
        text = '%s %s' % (device['SVendor'], device['SDevice'])
        if option2 in text:
            reset_pci_usb_device(device['path'])
    print('Failed to find device!')
    sys.exit(-1)


def reset_usb_device(dev_path):
    USBDEVFS_RESET = 21780
    try:
        f = open(dev_path, 'w', os.O_WRONLY)
        fcntl.ioctl(f, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0)
        print('Successfully reset %s' % dev_path)
        sys.exit(0)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to reset device! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)


if 'path' in option:
    reset_usb_device(option2)


if 'search' in option:
    usb_list = create_usb_list()
    for device in usb_list:
        text = '%s %s %s' % (device['description'], device['manufacturer'], device['device'])
        if option2 in text:
            reset_usb_device(device['path'])
    print('Failed to find device!')
    sys.exit(-1)

Answer 3

您始终可以通过软件重置 USB 堆栈，也可以将 USB 设备置于睡眠状态（省电）模式，但这并不影响+5V端口电源，该电源始终打开。

根据您的 USB 集线器，您可能无法实际关闭（循环）物理 USB 端口的电源。

只有“智能”USB 集线器允许每端口电源循环。这里是一个小项目，允许您控制这些。

Answer 4

对于 USB 存储设备来说，就简单得多。只是想通了并将其留在这里，以防其他人也出现在这个线程中，并发现它有用：

1. 找出总线、端口和设备：

   $ sudo dmesg --ctime | grep usb-storage
   [Mon Feb 27 10:27:05 2023] usb-storage 3-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
   [Mon Feb 27 10:27:05 2023] scsi host4: usb-storage 3-1:1.0
   [Mon Feb 27 10:27:05 2023] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
   

   在此示例中，我们将寻找3-1:1.0.显然，如果您连接了（或曾经）不止一个 USB 存储设备，您将看到多个条目。时间戳应该可以帮助您找出您正在寻找的设备。否则，lsusb -t也可能有帮助。

2. 解除绑定并重新绑定：

   $ usb=3-1:1.0
   $ printf %s\\n "$usb" | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb-storage/unbind
   3-1:1.0
   $ printf %s\\n "$usb" | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb-storage/bind
   3-1:1.0