PostgreSQL 10：pg_ctl 状态在 Ubuntu 18.04 上不起作用

Question

我希望能够使用 pg_ctl 来管理我的 crewdb 数据库。但是，当我使用 pg_ctl status 时，我收到以下错误：

chh1@chh1:~$ pg_ctl status
pg_ctl: could not open PID file "/var/lib/postgresql/10/main/postmaster.pid": Permission denied

我不确定为什么会出现这种情况，也不知道如何解决它，因为当我这样做时：

chh1@chh1:~$ which pg_ctl
/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/pg_ctl

chh1@chh1:~$ which initdb
/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/initdb

chh1@chh1:~$ whoami
chh1

crewdb=# \du
                                   List of roles
 Role name |                         Attributes                         | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 chh1      | Superuser                                                  | {}
 postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}


chh1@chh1:~$ cat .profile
# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.

# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
        . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi

PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin
PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/10/main
PGDATABASE=crewdb
PGUSER=postgres

export PATH PGDATA PGDATABASE PGUSER

我确实在 .profile 中尝试了 PGUSER=chh1 而不是 PGUSER=postgres，但当我发出命令 pg_ctl status 时仍然收到相同的错误消息。有人能帮我解决这个问题吗？我有以下 postgresql 集群：

chh1@chh1:~$ ps -ef | grep postgres
postgres  2094     1  0 11:08 ?        00:00:01 /usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/10/main -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf
postgres  2114  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:00 postgres: 10/main: logger process
postgres  2123  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:00 postgres: 10/main: checkpointer process
postgres  2124  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:00 postgres: 10/main: writer process
postgres  2125  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:00 postgres: 10/main: wal writer process
postgres  2126  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:01 postgres: 10/main: autovacuum launcher process
postgres  2127  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:01 postgres: 10/main: stats collector process
postgres  2128  2094  0 11:08 ?        00:00:00 postgres: 10/main: bgworker: logical replication launcher
chh1      6401 17468  0 17:47 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres

我必须以 root 身份打开数据目录，例如：

chh1@chh1:~$ cd /var/lib/postgresql/10/main
bash: cd: /var/lib/postgresql/10/main: Permission denied

root@chh1:/var/lib/postgresql/10/main# ls -l
total 100
drwx------ 20 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 13 11:08 ./
drwxr-xr-x  3 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 ../
drwx------  6 postgres postgres 4096 Aug 10 23:04 base/
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres   44 Jan 13 11:08 current_logfiles
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 13 11:08 global/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 13 11:08 log/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_commit_ts/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_dynshmem/
drwx------  4 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 13 11:13 pg_logical/
drwx------  4 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_multixact/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 13 11:08 pg_notify/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_replslot/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_serial/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_snapshots/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan 13 11:08 pg_stat/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_stat_tmp/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jan  3 06:12 pg_subtrans/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_tblspc/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_twophase/
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres    3 Jul 24 19:12 PG_VERSION
drwx------  3 postgres postgres 4096 Jan  3 06:12 pg_wal/
drwx------  2 postgres postgres 4096 Jul 24 19:12 pg_xact/
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres   88 Jul 24 19:12 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres  130 Jan 13 11:08 postmaster.opts
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres  108 Jan 13 11:08 postmaster.pid

我的想法是将文件权限更改/var/lib/postgresql/10/main/为 chh1:chh1，但不确定这样做是否安全，不会危及我的数据。如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我。