今天我突然在内核日志中发现了这个（直到那时一切都很好）：
Sep 5 03:19:12 foo kernel: [36337581.601013] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
Sep 5 03:19:12 foo kernel: [36337581.601919] ata3.00: failed command: FLUSH CACHE EXT
Sep 5 03:19:12 foo kernel: [36337581.602738] ata3.00: cmd ea/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 8
Sep 5 03:19:12 foo kernel: [36337581.602738] res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
Sep 5 03:19:12 foo kernel: [36337581.604367] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
Sep 5 03:19:12 foo kernel: [36337581.605232] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:19:17 foo kernel: [36337586.956878] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
Sep 5 03:19:22 foo kernel: [36337591.636770] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
Sep 5 03:19:22 foo kernel: [36337591.637740] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:19:28 foo kernel: [36337596.988651] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
Sep 5 03:19:32 foo kernel: [36337601.668524] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
Sep 5 03:19:32 foo kernel: [36337601.669508] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:19:38 foo kernel: [36337607.024354] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
Sep 5 03:19:49 foo kernel: [36337618.544137] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
Sep 5 03:19:50 foo kernel: [36337619.953761] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
Sep 5 03:19:50 foo kernel: [36337619.953767] ata3.00: retrying FLUSH 0xea Emask 0x4
Sep 5 03:19:50 foo kernel: [36337619.953990] ata3: EH complete
Sep 5 03:28:14 foo kernel: [36338123.536034] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
Sep 5 03:28:14 foo kernel: [36338123.536999] ata3.00: failed command: FLUSH CACHE EXT
Sep 5 03:28:14 foo kernel: [36338123.537934] ata3.00: cmd ea/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 0
Sep 5 03:28:14 foo kernel: [36338123.537934] res 40/00:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
Sep 5 03:28:14 foo kernel: [36338123.539824] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
Sep 5 03:28:14 foo kernel: [36338123.540820] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:28:19 foo kernel: [36338128.895910] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
Sep 5 03:28:24 foo kernel: [36338133.575787] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
Sep 5 03:28:24 foo kernel: [36338133.576797] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:28:29 foo kernel: [36338138.927669] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
Sep 5 03:28:34 foo kernel: [36338143.607555] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
Sep 5 03:28:34 foo kernel: [36338143.608599] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:28:39 foo kernel: [36338148.963407] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
Sep 5 03:29:09 foo kernel: [36338178.610690] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
Sep 5 03:29:09 foo kernel: [36338178.611800] ata3: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps
Sep 5 03:29:09 foo kernel: [36338178.611803] ata3: hard resetting link
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.662571] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.663665] ata3: reset failed, giving up
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.664680] ata3.00: disabled
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.664702] ata3: EH complete
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.664746] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#1 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.664754] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#1 CDB: Synchronize Cache(10) 35 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.664762] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1950632856
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665854] Aborting journal on device sdc1-8.
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665936] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#9 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665942] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#9 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 50 f0 39 b0 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665945] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1357920688
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665953] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 39321953 (offset 0 size 4096 starting block 169740087)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665958] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#4 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665961] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 169739830
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665968] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#4 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 b0 68 ca 00 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665971] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2959657472
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665980] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 39325770 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 369957185)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.665985] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 369956928
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666021] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#3 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666023] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#6 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666027] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#3 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 af e4 94 e0 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666028] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#6 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 b6 3d 5b f8 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666032] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2950993120
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666034] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#2 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666037] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 3057474552
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666042] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 39583803 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 368874141)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666044] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#2 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 ae 63 93 90 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666049] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 40108080 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 382184320)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666051] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 368873884
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666054] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2925761424
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666057] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 382184063
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666061] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 39845943 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 365720179)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666066] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 365719922
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666078] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#5 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666079] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#8 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666082] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#5 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 b1 38 bb 78 00 00 10 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666084] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#8 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 50 85 8f c8 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666085] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 2973285240
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666088] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1350930376
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666090] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#12 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666095] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 41287759 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 371660656)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666098] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 39714837 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 168866298)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666101] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#12 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 60 cc 11 58 00 00 10 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666103] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 371660399
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666105] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 168866041
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666107] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1623986520
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666112] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 41287759 (offset 3866624 size 4096 starting block 371660657)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666116] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 38535200 (offset 0 size 0 starting block 202998316)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666118] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 371660400
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666120] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 202998059
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666122] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#10 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666128] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): ext4_end_bio:323: I/O error 10 writing to inode 38535200 (offset 442368 size 4096 starting block 202998317)
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666131] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#10 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 53 a8 6e b0 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666133] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1350504016
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.666136] Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 202998060
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.683800] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 243826688, lost sync page write
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.684426] JBD2: Error -5 detected when updating journal superblock for sdc1-8.
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.685103] JBD2: Detected IO errors while flushing file data on sdc1-8
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.686102] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.687536] EXT4-fs error (device sdc1): ext4_journal_check_start:61: Detected aborted journal
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.688927] EXT4-fs (sdc1): Remounting filesystem read-only
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.690246] EXT4-fs (sdc1): previous I/O error to superblock detected
Sep 5 03:29:14 foo kernel: [36338183.691754] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 0, lost sync page write
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.094817] scsi_io_completion: 111 callbacks suppressed
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.094824] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#30 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.094830] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#30 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 4b 85 03 58 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.094831] print_req_error: 113 callbacks suppressed
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.094833] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1267008344
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.096047] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.096050] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 4b 85 03 58 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:30:18 foo kernel: [36338247.096052] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1267008344
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.410203] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#1 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.410208] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#1 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 4b c4 08 08 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.410210] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1271138312
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.411396] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#2 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.411401] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#2 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 4b c4 08 08 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.411404] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1271138312
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.414145] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#3 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.414149] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#3 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 4e 44 18 b0 00 00 08 00
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.414152] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1313085616
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.415072] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#4 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
Sep 5 03:30:19 foo kernel: [36338248.415077] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#4 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 4e 44 18 b0 00 00 08 00
...不断重复。
挂载文件夹及其子目录仍可访问，但并非全部，也并非全部深度。但那仍然一些生命迹象太令人鼓舞了。
该驱动器是 Seagate 2TB SSHD 2.5 英寸 -这种- 最近我确实对小文件有点头疼，所以我买了 SSHD 版本，认为内部的小型 SSD 缓冲区会有所帮助。然而...
然后我卸载了 /dev/sdc1 以尝试进行 fsck。之后，我第一次运行 fsck 时，它显示：
# fsck /dev/sdc1
fsck from util-linux 2.27.1
e2fsck 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
fsck.ext2: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while trying to open /dev/sdc1
Could this be a zero-length partition?
几秒钟后再次运行它，它显示：
# fsck /dev/sdc1
fsck from util-linux 2.27.1
e2fsck 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
fsck.ext2: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/sdc1
Possibly non-existent device?
WTF？然后我 ls 了 /dev
# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
/dev/sdc1 已经完全消失了......
/dev/sdd 是另一个同类型的驱动器，Seagate 2TB SSHD。我在两个驱动器上都尝试了 smartctl
# smartctl -A /dev/sdc
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-54-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Short INQUIRY response, skip product id
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.
.. 好的，添加许可...
# smartctl -T permissive -A /dev/sdc
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-54-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Short INQUIRY response, skip product id
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Read defect list: asked for grown list but didn't get it
什么鬼？
在 /dev/sdd 上运行它（同类型的第二个驱动器）
# smartctl -A /dev/sdd
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-54-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 100 100 006 Pre-fail Always - 360320
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 15
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 100 253 045 Pre-fail Always - 9890
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 076 076 000 Old_age Always - 21111 (206 45 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 41
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 066 043 040 Old_age Always - 34 (Min/Max 28/41)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 37
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 034 057 000 Old_age Always - 34 (0 20 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 21111 (165 231 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 360320
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
这个还不错。
我的 /dev/sdc 是否已经死机，或者我可以尝试恢复我的数据（考虑到在我卸载之前某些文件和文件夹仍然可以访问）？
整个驱动器上有一个 ext4 主分区（但不记得起始扇区或我如何创建它）。
干杯
答案1
在执行任何可能损坏磁盘的操作之前，请先尝试
从冷关机状态拔下/重新插入
尝试另一根 SATA 电缆/电源插头
尝试主板上的另一个 SATA 端口
如果可以，请尝试从另一台计算机读取
启动后，按F2(...) 进入设置并检查磁盘是否在 BIOS 中可见。您还可以借此机会检查该端口的 BIOS 设置。
还请检查 Seagate 网站，看看是否有人遇到过该磁盘的类似问题。
您还可以从 Seagate 运行一些实用程序。由于磁盘是 SSHD，您可能会找到一种方法来恢复存储在硬盘/ SSD 驱动器上的一些数据。