我有一个使用 postfix/dovecot 的转发服务器，它从第三方邮件客户端（例如 gmail）接收电子邮件并将电子邮件转发给最终收件人。
我注意到，当收件人电子邮件服务器使用灰名单时，postfix 不会像我预期的那样在几分钟后尝试重新发送电子邮件。我的所有backoff设置都使用默认值，bounce_queue_lifetime = 0尽管我认为这与此无关。
以下是此类灰名单响应的日志摘录。似乎有几个地方出了问题：重试几乎是立即进行的，然后服务器向自己发送一条消息，该消息被退回等等……没有与此消息相关的其他日志条目。
有什么想法可以解决这个问题并让 postfix/dovecot 在几分钟后重试？
Nov 16 15:55:46 mail2 postfix/submission/smtpd[24769]: connect from mail-yb1-f174.google.com[209.85.219.174]
Nov 16 15:55:46 mail2 postfix/submission/smtpd[24769]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-yb1-f174.google.com[209.85.219.174]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits)
Nov 16 15:55:47 mail2 postfix/submission/smtpd[24769]: 50DB53E8EE: client=mail-yb1-f174.google.com[209.85.219.174], sasl_method=PLAIN, sasl_username=xxxx
Nov 16 15:55:47 mail2 postfix/cleanup[24775]: 50DB53E8EE: message-id=<CAOPu7Eg7445dbRTT+_EV7s8=0de0=ce0cJmqOO_49-gXokdXLg@mail.gmail.com>
Nov 16 15:55:47 mail2 opendkim[1011]: 50DB53E8EE: DKIM-Signature field added
Nov 16 15:55:47 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 50DB53E8EE: from=<[email protected]>, size=2483, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Nov 16 15:55:47 mail2 postfix/submission/smtpd[24769]: disconnect from mail-yb1-f174.google.com[209.85.219.174] ehlo=2 starttls=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=8
Nov 16 15:55:48 mail2 postfix/smtp[24776]: 50DB53E8EE: host je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.75.36] said: 451 Internal resource temporarily unavailable - https://community.mimecast.com/docs/DOC-1369#451 [FrAlAYP7MGavfrTQVnqFbQ.jer5] (in reply to RCPT TO command)
Nov 16 15:55:49 mail2 postfix/smtp[24776]: 50DB53E8EE: to=<[email protected]>, relay=je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36]:25, delay=1.7, delays=0.26/0.02/1.3/0.19, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36] said: 451 Internal resource temporarily unavailable - https://community.mimecast.com/docs/DOC-1369#451 [CrknqwFZOxmiUomNi_j5xw.jer4] (in reply to RCPT TO command))
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/pickup[24746]: 404853F264: uid=0 from=<[email protected]>
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/cleanup[24775]: 404853F264: message-id=<CAOPu7Eg7445dbRTT+_EV7s8=0de0=ce0cJmqOO_49-gXokdXLg@mail.gmail.com>
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 opendkim[1011]: 404853F264: DKIM-Signature field added
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/postsuper[24805]: 50DB53E8EE: removed
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/postsuper[24805]: Deleted: 1 message
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 404853F264: from=<[email protected]>, size=2955, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/pickup[24746]: 6189F3E8EE: uid=0 from=<root>
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/cleanup[24775]: 6189F3E8EE: message-id=<20201116155601.6189F3E8EE@POSTFIX_SERVER>
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 opendkim[1011]: 6189F3E8EE: no signing table match for 'root@POSTFIX_SERVER'
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 opendkim[1011]: 6189F3E8EE: no signature data
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 6189F3E8EE: from=<root@POSTFIX_SERVER>, size=787, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/postscreen[24810]: CONNECT from [POSTFIX_SERVER]:50962 to [POSTFIX_SERVER]:25
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/smtp[24776]: 404853F264: to=<[email protected]>, relay=je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36]:25, delay=0.63, delays=0.08/0/0.45/0.1, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36] said: 550 Anti-Spoofing policy - Inbound not allowed - https://community.mimecast.com/docs/DOC-1369#550 [22wPIJELPUOp5GuDx4lfGw.jer2] (in reply to RCPT TO command))
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/cleanup[24775]: ED7723F26B: message-id=<20201116155601.ED7723F26B@POSTFIX_SERVER>
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/bounce[24818]: 404853F264: sender non-delivery notification: ED7723F26B
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: ED7723F26B: from=<>, size=5588, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 404853F264: removed
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/postscreen[24810]: PASS OLD [POSTFIX_SERVER]:50962
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtpd[24819]: connect from POSTFIX_SERVER
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=0)
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24809]: warning: host POSTFIX_SERVER:25 greeted me with my own hostname POSTFIX_SERVER
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24809]: warning: host POSTFIX_SERVER:25 replied to HELO/EHLO with my own hostname POSTFIX_SERVER
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24809]: 6189F3E8EE: to=<root@POSTFIX_SERVER>, orig_to=<root>, relay=POSTFIX_SERVER:25, delay=0.72, delays=0.04/0.09/0.59/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for POSTFIX_SERVER loops back to myself)
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtpd[24819]: disconnect from POSTFIX_SERVER ehlo=1 quit=1 commands=2
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/cleanup[24775]: 1D6A53F264: message-id=<20201116155602.1D6A53F264@POSTFIX_SERVER>
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 1D6A53F264: from=<>, size=2779, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/bounce[24818]: 6189F3E8EE: sender non-delivery notification: 1D6A53F264
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 6189F3E8EE: removed
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/postscreen[24810]: CONNECT from [POSTFIX_SERVER]:50968 to [POSTFIX_SERVER]:25
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/postscreen[24810]: PASS OLD [POSTFIX_SERVER]:50968
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtpd[24819]: connect from POSTFIX_SERVER
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24809]: warning: host POSTFIX_SERVER:25 greeted me with my own hostname POSTFIX_SERVER
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24809]: warning: host POSTFIX_SERVER:25 replied to HELO/EHLO with my own hostname POSTFIX_SERVER
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24809]: 1D6A53F264: to=<root@POSTFIX_SERVER>, relay=POSTFIX_SERVER:25, delay=0.01, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for POSTFIX_SERVER loops back to myself)
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtpd[24819]: disconnect from POSTFIX_SERVER ehlo=1 quit=1 commands=2
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: 1D6A53F264: removed
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/smtp[24776]: ED7723F26B: to=<[email protected]>, relay=je-smtp-inbound-2.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36]:25, delay=0.62, delays=0/0/0.42/0.19, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host je-smtp-inbound-2.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36] said: 550 Invalid Recipient - https://community.mimecast.com/docs/DOC-1369#550 [wEA4IvMnPkWfW2uIBVHiIg.jer2] (in reply to RCPT TO command))
Nov 16 15:56:02 mail2 postfix/qmgr[24745]: ED7723F26B: removed
答案1
这似乎与灰名单无关，而是由于550mimecast 的代码。
Nov 16 15:56:01 mail2 postfix/smtp[24776]: 404853F264: to=<[email protected]>, relay=je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36]:25, delay=0.63, delays=0.08/0/0.45/0.1, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host je-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast-offshore.com[213.167.81.36] said: 550 Anti-Spoofing policy - Inbound not allowed - https://community.mimecast.com/docs/DOC-1369#550 [22wPIJELPUOp5GuDx4lfGw.jer2] (in reply to RCPT TO command))
查看日志中提供的链接，它会告诉您解决方案是创建反欺骗策略：
550 反欺骗策略 - 不允许入站 该邮件已触发反欺骗策略。创建反欺骗策略对发件人的地址或 IP 地址不采取任何措施。
是你做的吗？
答案2
自定义脚本会重写消息并将其从队列中删除。禁用该脚本后，Postfix 可以在几分钟后重新发送消息并按预期通过灰名单检查。