我使用两个服务器块将所有请求转发到主块，该主块为所有带有前缀的请求提供服务。当我在请求中https://www抛出 405 错误时，相应的错误页面会按预期显示。https://www
但是，当我使用http或https仅使用前缀并使用 Postman 发送 DELETE 或 PATCH 请求时，请求会通过前 2 个服务器块之一，并且不会返回任何错误。页面正常显示，就像发出了 GET 请求一样。
我如何改变我的配置以便无论请求的前缀是什么都能显示错误？
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
# access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
access_log off;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:1m rate=50r/s;
limit_req zone=mylimit burst=20 nodelay;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
sendfile_max_chunk 1m;
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 3;
gzip_types text/css application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript;
gzip_vary on;
server_tokens off;
resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 [2001:4860:4860::8888] [2001:4860:4860::8844];
error_page 400 /html/400.html;
error_page 403 /html/403.html;
error_page 404 /html/404.html;
error_page 405 /html/405.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /html/50x.html;
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
return 405;
}
return 301 https://www.example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
return 405;
}
return 301 https://www.example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name www.example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
return 405;
}
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;
root /srv/example/views/public;
location ~* \.(jpg|png|svg|webp|ico)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names ~\.bing\. ~\.duckduckgo\. ~\.facebook\. ~\.google\. ~\.instagram\. ~\.twitter\. ~\.yahoo\.;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self';";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=31536000";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
}
location ~* \.(css)$ {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com; style-src 'self' fonts.googleapis.com;";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
}
location ~* \.(htm|html)$ {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com; img-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; media-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; object-src 'none'; script-src 'self' https://www.google-analytics.com https://apis.google.com https://js.stripe.com; style-src 'self' fonts.googleapis.com;";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header feature-policy "autoplay 'none'; legacy-image-formats 'none'; oversized-images 'none'; unsized-media 'none';";
add_header permissions-policy "autoplay=(); legacy-image-formats=(); oversized-images=(); unsized-media=();";
add_header referrer-policy strict-origin;
add_header strict-transport-security "max-age=31557600; includesubdomains";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
add_header x-frame-options sameorigin;
}
location ~* \.(js)$ {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self';";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
}
location / {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com; img-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; media-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; object-src 'none'; script-src 'self' https://www.google-analytics.com https://apis.google.com https://js.stripe.com; style-src 'self' fonts.googleapis.com;";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header feature-policy "autoplay 'none'; legacy-image-formats 'none'; oversized-images 'none'; unsized-media 'none';";
add_header permissions-policy "autoplay=(); legacy-image-formats=(); oversized-images=(); unsized-media=();";
add_header referrer-policy strict-origin;
add_header strict-transport-security "max-age=31557600; includesubdomains";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
add_header x-frame-options sameorigin;
proxy_hide_header x-powered-by;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name testbed.example.com;
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
return 405;
}
return 301 https://testbed.example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name testbed.example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/testbed.example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/testbed.example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
return 405;
}
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/testbed.example.com/chain.pem;
root /srv/testbed/views/public;
location ~* \.(jpg|png|svg|webp|ico)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names ~\.bing\. ~\.duckduckgo\. ~\.facebook\. ~\.google\. ~\.instagram\. ~\.twitter\. ~\.yahoo\.;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self';";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=31536000";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
}
location ~* \.(css)$ {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com; style-src 'self' fonts.googleapis.com;";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
}
location ~* \.(htm|html)$ {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com; img-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; media-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; object-src 'none'; script-src 'self' https://www.google-analytics.com https://apis.google.com https://js.stripe.com; style-src 'self' fonts.googleapis.com;";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header feature-policy "autoplay 'none'; legacy-image-formats 'none'; oversized-images 'none'; unsized-media 'none';";
add_header permissions-policy "autoplay=(); legacy-image-formats=(); oversized-images=(); unsized-media=();";
add_header referrer-policy strict-origin;
add_header strict-transport-security "max-age=31557600; includesubdomains";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
add_header x-frame-options sameorigin;
}
location ~* \.(js)$ {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self';";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
}
location / {
add_header content-security-policy "default-src 'self'; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com; img-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; media-src 'self' https://www.youtube.com; object-src 'none'; script-src 'self' https://www.google-analytics.com https://apis.google.com https://js.stripe.com; style-src 'self' fonts.googleapis.com;";
add_header cache-control "public, max-age=2629746";
add_header feature-policy "autoplay 'none'; legacy-image-formats 'none'; oversized-images 'none'; unsized-media 'none';";
add_header permissions-policy "autoplay=(); legacy-image-formats=(); oversized-images=(); unsized-media=();";
add_header referrer-policy strict-origin;
add_header strict-transport-security "max-age=31557600; includesubdomains";
add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
add_header x-frame-options sameorigin;
proxy_hide_header x-powered-by;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10001;
}
}
}
答案1
nginx文档讲述了以下内容：
评估指定的条件。如果为真，则执行括号内指定的模块指令，并将 if 指令内的配置分配给请求。if 指令内的配置继承自上一个配置级别。
在您的示例配置中，这意味着return 301配置是从父配置级别继承的。文档没有说明当上一个配置级别和当前级别都包含return指令时会发生什么。但从您的结果来看，继承的指令似乎被保留了下来。
已经有人建议将重定向包含在位置内。我在这里编写了一个精确的配置，以突出显示配置块应如何显示：
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
return 405;
}
location / {
return 301 https://www.example.com$request_uri;
}
}
另一种可能性是使用limit_except。这是一个未经测试的版本：
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
location /
error_page 403 =405 /html/405.html;
limit_except GET POST {
deny all;
}
return 301 https://www.example.com$request_uri;
}
}
limit_except允许 GET 和 POST 方法，其他所有方法均被拒绝。通过允许 GET，HEAD 被隐式允许。
error_page指令用于将403错误代码转换为deny all返回405代码并显示错误页面。