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tag-icon • tag-icon postfix centos7 dovecot spamassassin

我在 VPS 上使用 CentOS 7，LAMP 使用 Postfix，Dovecot 和 Spamassassin，并使用 Rainloop 作为电子邮件客户端。当我使用以下方式启动 Postfix 时：

systemctl enable postfix  
systemctl restart postfix

而 Dovecot 则为：

systemctl restart dovecot  
systemctl enable dovecot

之后我的 CPU 使用率超过 90-99%，磁盘使用率也开始意外填满，而且我只能发送电子邮件而不能接收电子邮件。以下是我运行此命令时的一些输出：

    [root@server ~]# postconf -nf
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_sender_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_client_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_helo_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_sender_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_client_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_helo_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: undefined parameter: virtual_mailbox_limit_maps  
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases  
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases  
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes  
command_directory = /usr/sbin  
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix  
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix  
debug_peer_level = 2  
debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd  
    $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5  
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1  
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks  
html_directory = no  
inet_interfaces = all  
inet_protocols = all  
mail_owner = postfix  
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix  
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man  
message_size_limit = 30720000  
meta_directory = /etc/postfix  
milter_default_action = accept  
mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain  
myhostname = mail.myhostname.com  
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8  
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix  
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters  
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps  
    $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains  
    $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps  
    $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks  
    $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps  
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix  
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix3-3.5.8/README_FILES  
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix3-3.5.8/samples  
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix  
setgid_group = postdrop  
shlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix  
smtp_tls_security_level = may  
smtpd_data_restrictions = check_policy_service unix:/var/log/policyServerSocket  
smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:8891  
smtpd_policy_service_default_action = DUNNO  
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated,  
    reject_unauth_destination  
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes  
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes  
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth  
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot  
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem  
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem  
smtpd_use_tls = yes  
tls_server_sni_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_ssl.map  
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550  
virtual_alias_domains =  
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf,  
    mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf  
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000  
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail  
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf  
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf  
virtual_transport = dovecot  
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_create_maildirsize=yes  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_maildir_extended=yes

以及运行时：

    [root@server ~]# postconf -Mf
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_sender_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_client_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_helo_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_sender_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_client_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/master.cf: undefined parameter: mua_helo_restrictions  
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: undefined parameter: virtual_mailbox_limit_maps  
smtp       inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd  
    -o content_filter=spamassassin  
submission inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd  
    -o syslog_name=postfix/submission  
    -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt  
    -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes  
    -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no  
    -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions  
    -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions  
    -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions  
    -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject  
    -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING  
smtps      inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd  
    -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps  
    -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes  
    -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes  
    -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no  
    -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions  
    -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions  
    -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions  
    -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject  
    -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING  
pickup     unix  n       -       n       60      1       pickup  
cleanup    unix  n       -       n       -       0       cleanup  
qmgr       unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr  
tlsmgr     unix  -       -       n       1000?   1       tlsmgr  
rewrite    unix  -       -       n       -       -       trivial-rewrite  
bounce     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce  
defer      unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce  
trace      unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce  
verify     unix  -       -       n       -       1       verify  
flush      unix  n       -       n       1000?   0       flush  
proxymap   unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap  
proxywrite unix  -       -       n       -       1       proxymap  
smtp       unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp  
relay      unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp  
showq      unix  n       -       n       -       -       showq  
error      unix  -       -       n       -       -       error  
retry      unix  -       -       n       -       -       error  
discard    unix  -       -       n       -       -       discard  
local      unix  -       n       n       -       -       local  
virtual    unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual  
lmtp       unix  -       -       n       -       -       lmtp  
anvil      unix  -       -       n       -       1       anvil  
scache     unix  -       -       n       -       1       scache  
dovecot    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe flags=DRhu  
    user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d  
    ${recipient}  
spamassassin unix -      n       n       -       -       pipe flags=DROhu  
    user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -f  
    ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}  
spamassassin unix -      n       n       -       -       pipe flags=R  
    user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender}  
    ${recipient}

最后，当我停止 Postfix 和 Dovecot 时，我的磁盘使用率停止增长，但当我再次启动 Postfix 和 Dovecot 时，磁盘使用率又开始增长。
如果您能帮助我解决这个问题，我将不胜感激；如果需要更多内容来分析这个问题，我可以在这里展示。
谢谢

答案1

postconf：警告：/etc/postfix/master.cf：未定义参数：

postfix 警告您，您在一个文件（在 master.cf 中）中使用了一些未定义（在 main.cf 中）的参数。

首先弄清楚事情发生的原因，然后解决它，最后处理剩余的问题。

发生这种情况的一种情况是，您无意中截断了文件，这就是您缺少部分配置的原因，包括现在触发警告的参数。

答案2

以下是 master.cf 的内容

[root@server ~]# cd /etc/postfix/

[root@server postfix]# cat master.cf

Postfix 主进程配置文件。有关格式的详细信息

该文件的详细信息，请参阅 master(5) 手册页（命令：“man 5 master”）。

编辑此文件后，请不要忘记执行“postfix reload”。

==========================================================================

服务类型 private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc 命令 + 参数

（是） （是） （是） （从不） （100）

==========================================================================

smtp inet n - n - - smtpd -o content_filter=spamassassin #smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy submission inet n - n - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/submission -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated，拒绝-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING smtps inet n - n - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated，拒绝-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - n - - qmqpd 拾取 unix n - n 60 1 拾取清理 unix n - n - 0 清理 qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr 重写 unix - - n - - 简单重写 弹跳 unix - - n - 0 弹跳延迟 unix - - n - 0 弹跳跟踪 unix - - n - 0 弹跳验证 unix - - n - 1 验证刷新 unix n - n 1000? 0 刷新代理映射 unix - - n - - 代理映射代理写入 unix - - n - 1 代理映射 smtp unix - - n - - smtp 中继 unix - - n - - smtp

-o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5

showq unix n - n - - showq 错误 unix - - n - - 错误重试 unix - - n - - 错误丢弃 unix - - n - - 丢弃 本地 unix - nn - - 本地 虚拟 unix - nn - - 虚拟 lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil scache unix - - n - 1 scache

====================================================================

与非 Postfix 软件的接口。请务必查看手册

非 Postfix 软件的页面来了解它需要什么选项。

以下许多服务都使用 Postfix 管道 (8) 传递

代理。有关 ${recipient} 的信息，请参阅 pipe(8) 手册页

以及其他消息信封选项。

====================================================================

maildrop。有关详细信息，请参阅 Postfix MAILDROP_README 文件。

另外在main.cf中指定：maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1

#maildrop unix - nn - - 管道

标志=DRhu 用户=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}

====================================================================

最近的 Cyrus 版本可以使用现有的“lmtp”master.cf 条目。

在cyrus.conf中指定：

lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4

在 main.cf 中指定下列一项或多项：

邮箱传输 = lmtp:inet:localhost

虚拟传输 = lmtp:inet:localhost

====================================================================

赛勒斯 2.1.5（Amos Gouaux）

还在 main.cf 中指定：cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1

#cyrus unix - nn - - 管道

用户 = cyrus argv = /usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}

====================================================================

通过 Cyrus 进行交付的旧示例。

#old-cyrus unix - nn - - 管道

标志=R 用户=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}

====================================================================

有关配置详细信息，请参阅 Postfix UUCP_README 文件。

#uucp unix-nn--管道

标志=Fqhu 用户=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)

====================================================================

其他外部交付方法。

#ifmail unix - nn - - 管道

标志 = F 用户 = ftn argv = / usr / lib / ifmail / ifmail -r $ nexthop（$ recipient）

#bsmtp unix-nn--管道

标志=Fq。用户=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient

#scalemail-backend unix - nn - 2 管道

标志=R 用户=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store

${nexthop} ${用户} ${扩展名}

#mailman unix - nn - - 管道

标志=FR 用户=列表 argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py

${nexthop} ${用户}

dovecot unix - nn - - 管道标志=DRhu 用户=vmail：vmail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient} spamassassin unix - nn - - 管道标志=DROhu 用户=vmail：vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop} spamassassin unix - nn - - 管道标志=R 用户=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}

以下是 main.cf 的内容

[root@server postfix]# cat main.cf

全局 Postfix 配置文件。此文件仅列出子集

所有参数的语法和完整参数

列表，请参阅 postconf(5) 手册页（命令：“man 5 postconf”）。

常见配置示例请参见BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README

和 STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README。要查找这些文档，请使用

命令“postconf html_directory readme_directory”，或者转到

http://www.postfix.org/。

为了获得最佳效果，每次更改的参数不要超过 2-3 个，

并测试每次更改后 Postfix 是否仍然有效。

队列目录 = /var/spool/postfix 命令目录 = /usr/sbin 守护进程目录 = /usr/libexec/postfix 数据目录 = /var/lib/postfix 邮件所有者 = postfix inet_protocols = all mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain 未知本地接收者拒绝代码 = 550 别名映射 = hash:/etc/aliases 别名数据库 = hash:/etc/aliases debug_peer_level = 2 调试器命令 = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $守护进程目录/$进程名称 $进程ID & sleep 5

sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix3-3.5.8/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix3-3.5.8/README_FILES

myhostname = mail.myhostname.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 message_size_limit = 30720000 virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = 代理：mysql：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf，mysql：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = 代理：mysql：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = 代理：mysql：/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_uid_maps = 静态：5000 virtual_gid_maps = 静态：5000 smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients =是 smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = 是 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks、permit_sasl_authenticated、reject_unauth_destination smtpd_use_tls = 是 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem virtual_create_maildirsize = 是 virtual_maildir_extended = 是 proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps virtual_transport = dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 inet_interfaces = 全部 smtp_tls_security_level = 可能

smtpd_milters = inet：127.0.0.1:8891 non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters milter_default_action = 接受 meta_directory = /etc/postfix shlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix header_checks = regexp：/etc/postfix/header_checks smtpd_data_restrictions = check_policy_service unix：/var/log/policyServerSocket smtpd_policy_service_default_action = 不知道

tls_server_sni_maps = 哈希：/etc/postfix/vmail_ssl.map

[root@server postfix]# cd

请检查一下，让我确定我哪里犯了错误，并帮助我解决这个问题。我很感激你帮助我解决这个问题。
谢谢

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