我在 Windows Server 2016 主机（Dell PowerEdge R530、Intel Xeon E5-2620 @ 2.1GHz、96GB RAM）上安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 虚拟机，运行的是 VirtualBox 6.1.10。主机系统通过 PERC H730 Mini 控制器将 2x2TB HDD 设置为 RAID 1。虚拟机运行 Elasticsearch 节点和一些用于处理传入数据的其他软件。它连接了两个虚拟磁盘（155GB、1.5TB），但只有第二个虚拟磁盘出现故障。几个月来它一直运行良好，但最近它开始随机抛出 I/O 错误。
以下是昨天的一些 dmesg 输出：
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 21 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 tag 15 dma 360448 out
res 41/10:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 31 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 7 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 tag 15 dma 360448 out
res 41/10:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 23 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 tag 8 dma 360448 out
res 41/10:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 16 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 31 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 tag 7 dma 360448 out
res 41/10:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 17 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 25 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 tag 2 dma 360448 out
res 41/10:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 10 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 18 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:09:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#18 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#18 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#18 Add. Sense: Logical block address out of range
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#18 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 16 41 09 00 00 05 40 00
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 373360896 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x4000 phys_seg 168 prio class 0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 tag 1 dma 360448 out
res 41/10:c0:40:0e:41/00:02:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#1 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#1 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#1 Add. Sense: Logical block address out of range
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#1 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 16 41 0e 40 00 02 c0 00
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 373362240 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 88 prio class 0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] EXT4-fs warning (device sdb1): ext4_end_bio:315: I/O error 10 writing to inode 10095089 (offset 8388608 size 1871872 starting block 46670368)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669856
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669857
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669858
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669859
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669860
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669861
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669862
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669863
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669864
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 46669865
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 tag 7 dma 688128 out
res 41/10:40:00:11:41/00:05:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 Add. Sense: Logical block address out of range
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 16 41 11 00 00 05 40 00
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 373362944 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x4000 phys_seg 168 prio class 0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 tag 13 dma 135168 out
res 41/10:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:04 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 tag 30 dma 135168 out
res 41/10:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 tag 5 dma 135168 out
res 41/10:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 tag 28 dma 135168 out
res 41/10:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 tag 19 dma 135168 out
res 41/10:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x40000000
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: cmd 35/00:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 tag 11 dma 135168 out
res 41/10:08:40:16:41/00:01:16:00:00/e0 Emask 0x81 (invalid argument)
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: error: { IDNF }
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#11 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#11 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#11 Add. Sense: Logical block address out of range
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#11 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 16 41 16 40 00 01 08 00
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 373364288 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 33 prio class 0
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] EXT4-fs warning (device sdb1): ext4_end_bio:315: I/O error 10 writing to inode 10095089 (offset 8388608 size 1871872 starting block 46670569)
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] ata4: EH complete
[Mon May 10 20:37:05 2021] JBD2: Detected IO errors while flushing file data on sdb1-8
HD Sentinel 报告称两个磁盘均正常，而且我没有在 SMART 数据中看到任何值得关注的内容。通过 iDRAC 进行诊断没有发现任何问题，RAID 控制器及其电池都很好。
Google 给出的所有答案都指向物理硬盘故障或 Hyper-V 问题，但这是一个虚拟磁盘，Hyper-V 已禁用。也许这与 VirtualBox 的设置有关？几个月来，它一直以相同的设置运行良好。也许毕竟是控制器的问题？
如果能得到一些关于如何继续追查该问题根源的指点，我将非常感激。
答案1
我检查并尝试了 shodanshok 推荐的所有方法（再次感谢！），但问题似乎最终出在 VDI 文件本身。我最好的猜测是它不知何故被损坏了。
我在计划维护期间创建了一个新的 VDI 并将所有内容移至其中。在此之前，我的问题中提到的错误几乎每天都会发生，但现在距离上次错误已经过去了 3 周多，所以我相信这确实解决了问题。
答案2
当在客户操作系统中报告此类错误时，通常意味着主机处理传入的 IO 请求的速度极慢。速度如此之慢以至于客户操作系统 iSCSI 层在约 30 秒后超时，并报告上述错误。
主机速度非常慢可能是由于以下原因造成的：
- RAID 重建
- （太）激进的巡逻阅读
- 底层磁盘存在物理问题
- 正在运行的繁重主机任务（例如 Windows 更新）
请从主机操作系统内部检查您的 HDD 健康状况，最好通过查询 PERC 适配器（即：通过 iDRAC 或 DELL 的 OpenManage 工具）。