Windows 静态路由未按预期工作

Windows 静态路由未按预期工作

我有三个路由器:

  • 路由器 1 具有外部互联网连接。其 LAN IP 为 192.168.0.1,并提供 192.168.0.* 子网中的 IP 地址。
  • 路由器 2 通过路由器 1 访问互联网。它的 WAN IP(在路由器 1 的网络上)为 192.168.0.20,LAN IP 为 192.168.68.1,并在 192.168.68.* 子网中提供 IP 地址。
  • 路由器 3 通过路由器 2 访问互联网。它的 WAN IP(在路由器 2 的网络上)为 192.168.68.122,LAN IP 为 192.168.13.1,并提供 192.168.13.* 子网中的 IP 地址。

我有一台 Windows PC 连接到路由器 1,其 LAN IP 地址为 192.168.0.2。我希望能够从这台 PC 访问路由器 2 和路由器 3 网络上的设备。

为了实现此功能,我运行了以下命令:

route -p ADD 192.168.13.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.68.122 metric 1 if 30
route -p ADD 192.168.68.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.20 metric 1 if 30

route print这导致了该问题底部给出的输出,表明它已设置好。

但是,我无法ping通过新路由连接任一网络上的机器。例如:

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.0.20 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.0.20 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.0.20: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.0.20:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 1, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.68.1 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.68.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.68.1:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.68.122 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.68.122 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.68.122:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.13.1 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.13.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.13.1:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),

如果路由器 3 的网络无法访问,我可以理解。(我不知道路由表是否支持此处所需的两步路由。)但很难理解为什么路由器 2 的网络无法访问。

我究竟做错了什么?

route print输出:

C:\Users\Tom>route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
 22...00 ff 90 d2 fc 16 ......Juniper Network Connect Virtual Adapter
 30...a4 bb 6d b3 8c a1 ......Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (5) I219-LM
 18...0a 00 27 00 00 12 ......VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter
 25...00 ff aa 18 81 ac ......TAP-Windows Adapter V9
 37...00 ff bd b8 d5 c4 ......TeamViewer VPN Adapter
  6...44 01 bb a8 cb 97 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)
  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.0.1      192.168.0.2    281
        127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
  127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
      192.168.0.0    255.255.255.0         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
      192.168.0.2  255.255.255.255         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
    192.168.0.255  255.255.255.255         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
     192.168.13.0    255.255.255.0   192.168.68.122      192.168.0.2     26
     192.168.56.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
     192.168.56.1  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
   192.168.56.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
     192.168.68.0    255.255.255.0     192.168.0.20      192.168.0.2     26
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  Network Address          Netmask  Gateway Address  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.0.1  Default
     192.168.68.0    255.255.255.0     192.168.0.20       1
     192.168.13.0    255.255.255.0   192.168.68.122       1
===========================================================================

IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
 If Metric Network Destination      Gateway
 30     41 ::/0                     fe80::1
  1    331 ::1/128                  On-link
 30     41 2003:c9:f72b:a824::/64   On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a824:cd5f:d85f:eddb:aad2/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a824:d143:ab14:fc96:dced/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a824:d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
 30     41 2003:c9:f72b:a834::/64   On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a834:99fb:2a0d:280d:bf6f/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a834:d143:ab14:fc96:dced/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a834:d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
 30     41 2003:c9:f72b:a855::/64   On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a855:ad8f:d4ac:5f38:682d/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a855:d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
 18    281 fe80::/64                On-link
 30    281 fe80::/64                On-link
 18    281 fe80::11db:d621:42c7:94fb/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 fe80::d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
  1    331 ff00::/8                 On-link
 18    281 ff00::/8                 On-link
 30    281 ff00::/8                 On-link
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  None

答案1

为了使数据包正确流动,必须满足以下两个要求:

  1. 路由器 2 和路由器 3 不得启用 NAT。
  2. 所有节点上必须存在正确的路由条目:

在路由器 1 上:

  • 192.168.68.0/24必须存在到路由器的路由192.168.0.20
  • 192.168.13.0/24必须存在到路由器的路由192.168.0.20

在路由器 2 上:

  • 必须存在到 的路由192.168.0.0/24。这自动是一条在线路由。
  • 必须存在到 的路由192.168.13.0/24。这自动是一条在线路由。

在路由器 3 上:

  • 必须存在到 的路由192.168.0.0/24,即路由器192.168.68.1
  • 必须存在到 的路由192.168.68.0/24。这自动是一条在线路由。

上的路由router 3已被默认路由覆盖。

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