我继承了一个在 RedHat 上运行的 Postfix 服务器。这是一个未记录的版本,但对于业务运营至关重要(难道我们都不喜欢这些吗?)
邮件投递出现延迟和积压问题。这些问题是几周前首次报告的,但可能持续很长时间。
我对 *nix 的经验很少,但我已经能够对系统进行足够的了解,以确定当服务器遇到积压时,它会向我组织的上游 SMTP 中继报告连接超时。
错误示例:
*3D27412A016
4187 4月19日星期二 17:04:26
[电子邮件保护]
(传送暂停:连接到 UpstreamRelayA4.doi.net[10.xx.xx.206]:25:连接超时)
但是,上游中继所有者报告称,他们没有在 SMTP 服务器日志中发现匹配错误。我的组织有一条 MX 记录,其中包含 4 个中继服务器。所有 4 个服务器都可以通过端口 25 上的 telnet 从我的 SMTP 服务器访问,但是,在 postfix 日志中,4 个服务器中有 3 个超时了。
关于如何追踪 Postfix 认为其超时的原因,有什么提示吗?
添加 4/20/22 - postconf -n 输出
[USERNAME@mailer ~]$ postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb
$daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
disable_vrfy_command = yes
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
local_recipient_maps =
mail_owner = postfix
mail_spool_directory = /var/mail
mailbox_size_limit = 0
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
maximal_queue_lifetime = 1d
message_size_limit = 30720000
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
myhostname = mailer.domain.org.com
mynetworks =
127.0.0.0/8,165.83.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8,64.241.25.0/24,172.16.0.0/12
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES
relayhost = relayLOCATION.parentorg.com
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks,reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname,reject_invalid_helo_hostname,permit
smtpd_policy_service_max_idle = 5s
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,reject_non_fqdn_sender,permit
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailer_DOMAIN_ORG_COM.pem
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailer_DOMAIN_ORG_COM.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailer_DOMAIN_ORG_COM.key
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_use_tls = yes
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
[USERNAME@mailer ~]$
已添加 4/20/22 - postconf -M 输出
[USERNAME@mailer ~]$ postconf -M
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
pickup fifo n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp -o fallback_relay=
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe flags=R user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
cyrus unix - n n - - pipe user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=foo argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
retry unix - - n - - error
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
[USERNAME@mailer ~]$
已添加 4/20/22 - 邮件中继之间的设备
我们无法看到中继器之间的网络或安全设备。Traceroute 仅显示 3 个跳数,根据网络布局中的 IP 地址,所有这些跳数很可能都是标准路由器。
已添加 4/20/22 - Postfix 版本
Postfix 似乎是 2.10.1 版本,这意味着安装时间大约在 2013 年 根据 Postfix 发布页面
已添加 4/22/22 - openssl 连接测试
[USERNAME@mailer ~]$ openssl s_client -connect UPSTREAM_RELAY.ORG.net:25 -starttls smtp -crlf
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 DC = net, DC = ORG, CN = CA_Server
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=STATE/L=CITY/O=PARENT_ORG/OU=PARENT_ORG/CN=UPSTREAM_RELAY.ORG.net
i:/DC=net/DC=ORG/CN=CA_Server
1 s:/DC=net/DC=ORG/CN=CA_Server
i:/CN=ORGRootCA2
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
[Cert contents removed]
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=STATEA/L=CITY/O=PARENT_ORG/OU=PARENT_ORG/CN=UPSTREAM_RELAY.ORG.net
issuer=/DC=net/DC=ORG/CN=CA_Server
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA1
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-384, 384 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 5841 bytes and written 538 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384
Session-ID: [REMOVED]
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: [REMOVED]
Key-Arg : None
Krb5 Principal: None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
Start Time: 1650649689
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
---
250 XSHADOWREQUEST
(Functional console after this)
已添加 4/22/22 - 用于非工作服务器的 Maillog grep
[USERNAME@mailer ~]$ sudo mailq | grep UPSTREAM_RELAY_103.ORG.net
(delivery temporarily suspended: conversation with UPSTREAM_RELAY_103.ORG.net[10.x.x.125] timed out while sending end of data -- message may be sent more than once)
(conversation with UPSTREAM_RELAY_103.ORG.net[10.x.x.125] timed out while sending end of data -- message may be sent more than once)
[删除重复项,该服务器的所有条目都是完全相同的两条消息]
最终编辑 4/27/2022
在上周的故障排除中,我们发现 /etc/resolv.conf 中有一个不再存在的名称服务器。删除它并重新启动 postfix 后,日志中不再出现超时,邮件传输也变得快速。
正如@anx 在评论中提到的那样,这对于连接超时来说没有多大意义,但是一旦它被修复并且postfix重新启动,我们的出站发送速度就会大幅增加,而且从那以后我们就没有遇到任何延迟问题,尽管每天增加了超过20,000封额外的出站测试电子邮件(比常规邮件量增加了大约30%)。
答案1
据我们所知,这个问题是由于 /etc/resolv.conf 中存在无效的 DNS 条目而引起的。删除错误条目后,日志中的问题就消失了,邮件也恢复正常,出站延迟也降到了最低。