我有一个包含 5 个节点的 Azure Service Fabric 集群，由 Azure 虚拟机规模集托管。实例的大小为 Standard_D2ds_v4，标称磁盘速度最高为 3200 IOPS。VMSS 上有一个“Premium SSD LRS”数据磁盘，大小为 50 GB / 240 Max IOPS / 50 MBps 吞吐量。
由于我需要此磁盘用于 EventStoreDB 数据库，我猜 240 IOPS 对于生产来说太慢了。因此我尝试了另一个 257 GB 大小的“Premium SSD LRS”数据磁盘，它应该可以达到 2300 Max IOPS / 150 MBps 吞吐量。仍然很慢，尤其是对于 SSD 来说，但至少比第一个磁盘要好。
在我开始将数据库迁移到新磁盘之前，我想确定一下，并测量了速度，结果发现新磁盘和第一个磁盘一样慢。
我用的是DISKSPD 工具记录在微软文档进行测量。我得到了以下结果：
PS C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64> .\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh testfile.dat
Command Line: C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh testfile.dat
Input parameters:
timespan: 1
-------------
duration: 30s
warm up time: 30s
cool down time: 0s
random seed: 0
thread pool with 4 threads
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 0
path: 'testfile.dat'
think time: 0ms
burst size: 0
software cache disabled
hardware write cache disabled, writethrough on
performing mix test (read/write ratio: 50/50)
block size: 8KiB
using random I/O (alignment: 8KiB)
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 128
IO priority: normal
System information:
computer name: prod000000
start time: 2022/06/20 08:03:39 UTC
Results for timespan 1:
*******************************************************************************
actual test time: 30.00s
thread count: 4
proc count: 2
CPU | Usage | User | Kernel | Idle
-------------------------------------------
0| 5.68%| 2.34%| 3.33%| 94.32%
1| 4.17%| 3.23%| 0.94%| 95.83%
-------------------------------------------
avg.| 4.92%| 2.79%| 2.14%| 95.08%
Total IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 46063616 | 5623 | 1.46 | 187.41 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 45998080 | 5615 | 1.46 | 187.14 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 46170112 | 5636 | 1.47 | 187.84 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 46120960 | 5630 | 1.47 | 187.64 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 184352768 | 22504 | 5.86 | 750.03
Read IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 23109632 | 2821 | 0.73 | 94.02 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 22732800 | 2775 | 0.72 | 92.49 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 22986752 | 2806 | 0.73 | 93.52 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 23117824 | 2822 | 0.73 | 94.05 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 91947008 | 11224 | 2.92 | 374.08
Write IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 22953984 | 2802 | 0.73 | 93.39 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 23265280 | 2840 | 0.74 | 94.65 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 23183360 | 2830 | 0.74 | 94.32 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 23003136 | 2808 | 0.73 | 93.59 | testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 92405760 | 11280 | 2.94 | 375.95
PS C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64> .\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh D:\testfile.da
t
Command Line: C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh D:\testfile.dat
Input parameters:
timespan: 1
-------------
duration: 30s
warm up time: 30s
cool down time: 0s
random seed: 0
thread pool with 4 threads
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 0
path: 'D:\testfile.dat'
think time: 0ms
burst size: 0
software cache disabled
hardware write cache disabled, writethrough on
performing mix test (read/write ratio: 50/50)
block size: 8KiB
using random I/O (alignment: 8KiB)
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 128
IO priority: normal
System information:
computer name: prod000000
start time: 2022/06/20 08:07:46 UTC
Results for timespan 1:
*******************************************************************************
actual test time: 30.01s
thread count: 4
proc count: 2
CPU | Usage | User | Kernel | Idle
-------------------------------------------
0| 12.39%| 2.19%| 10.20%| 87.61%
1| 12.18%| 5.10%| 7.08%| 87.82%
-------------------------------------------
avg.| 12.29%| 3.64%| 8.64%| 87.71%
Total IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 629145600 | 76800 | 19.99 | 2558.97 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 1155129344 | 141007 | 36.71 | 4698.34 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 634142720 | 77410 | 20.15 | 2579.29 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 1145102336 | 139783 | 36.39 | 4657.56 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 3563520000 | 435000 | 113.24 | 14494.16
Read IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 315432960 | 38505 | 10.02 | 1282.98 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 579280896 | 70713 | 18.41 | 2356.15 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 317087744 | 38707 | 10.08 | 1289.71 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 574537728 | 70134 | 18.26 | 2336.86 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 1786339328 | 218059 | 56.76 | 7265.71
Write IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 313712640 | 38295 | 9.97 | 1275.99 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 575848448 | 70294 | 18.30 | 2342.19 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 317054976 | 38703 | 10.07 | 1289.58 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 570564608 | 69649 | 18.13 | 2320.70 | D:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 1777180672 | 216941 | 56.47 | 7228.45
PS C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64> .\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh S:\testfile.da
t
Command Line: C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh S:\testfile.dat
Input parameters:
timespan: 1
-------------
duration: 30s
warm up time: 30s
cool down time: 0s
random seed: 0
thread pool with 4 threads
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 0
path: 'S:\testfile.dat'
think time: 0ms
burst size: 0
software cache disabled
hardware write cache disabled, writethrough on
performing mix test (read/write ratio: 50/50)
block size: 8KiB
using random I/O (alignment: 8KiB)
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 128
IO priority: normal
System information:
computer name: prod000000
start time: 2022/06/20 08:11:46 UTC
Results for timespan 1:
*******************************************************************************
actual test time: 30.00s
thread count: 4
proc count: 2
CPU | Usage | User | Kernel | Idle
-------------------------------------------
0| 9.48%| 1.30%| 8.18%| 90.52%
1| 7.14%| 4.64%| 2.50%| 92.86%
-------------------------------------------
avg.| 8.31%| 2.97%| 5.34%| 91.69%
Total IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 215162880 | 26265 | 6.84 | 875.46 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 214958080 | 26240 | 6.83 | 874.63 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 215547904 | 26312 | 6.85 | 877.03 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 214466560 | 26180 | 6.82 | 872.63 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 860135424 | 104997 | 27.34 | 3499.75
Read IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 107978752 | 13181 | 3.43 | 439.35 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 107872256 | 13168 | 3.43 | 438.91 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 107470848 | 13119 | 3.42 | 437.28 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 107282432 | 13096 | 3.41 | 436.51 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 430604288 | 52564 | 13.69 | 1752.06
Write IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 107184128 | 13084 | 3.41 | 436.11 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 107085824 | 13072 | 3.40 | 435.71 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 108077056 | 13193 | 3.44 | 439.75 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 107184128 | 13084 | 3.41 | 436.11 | S:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 429531136 | 52433 | 13.65 | 1747.69
PS C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64> .\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh T:\testfile.da
t
Command Line: C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\DiskSpd\amd64\diskspd.exe -c10G -w50 -b8K -F4 -r -o128 -W30 -d30 -Sh T:\testfile.dat
Input parameters:
timespan: 1
-------------
duration: 30s
warm up time: 30s
cool down time: 0s
random seed: 0
thread pool with 4 threads
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 0
path: 'T:\testfile.dat'
think time: 0ms
burst size: 0
software cache disabled
hardware write cache disabled, writethrough on
performing mix test (read/write ratio: 50/50)
block size: 8KiB
using random I/O (alignment: 8KiB)
number of outstanding I/O operations per thread: 128
IO priority: normal
System information:
computer name: prod000000
start time: 2022/06/20 08:13:01 UTC
Results for timespan 1:
*******************************************************************************
actual test time: 30.00s
thread count: 4
proc count: 2
CPU | Usage | User | Kernel | Idle
-------------------------------------------
0| 9.17%| 1.51%| 7.66%| 90.83%
1| 3.39%| 1.93%| 1.46%| 96.61%
-------------------------------------------
avg.| 6.28%| 1.72%| 4.56%| 93.72%
Total IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 214761472 | 26216 | 6.83 | 873.79 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 215842816 | 26348 | 6.86 | 878.18 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 214679552 | 26206 | 6.82 | 873.45 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 215810048 | 26344 | 6.86 | 878.05 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 861093888 | 105114 | 27.37 | 3503.47
Read IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 107831296 | 13163 | 3.43 | 438.73 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 108183552 | 13206 | 3.44 | 440.16 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 106881024 | 13047 | 3.40 | 434.86 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 108150784 | 13202 | 3.44 | 440.03 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 431046656 | 52618 | 13.70 | 1753.77
Write IO
thread | bytes | I/Os | MiB/s | I/O per s | file
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 106930176 | 13053 | 3.40 | 435.06 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
1 | 107659264 | 13142 | 3.42 | 438.03 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
2 | 107798528 | 13159 | 3.43 | 438.59 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
3 | 107659264 | 13142 | 3.42 | 438.03 | T:\testfile.dat (10GiB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total: 430047232 | 52496 | 13.67 | 1749.70
我对所有磁盘进行了测试以进行比较：
- C:\-> 操作系统磁盘
- D:\ -> 临时磁盘（不可用于数据库，因为在某些维护工作期间数据可能会丢失）
- S:\ -> 50 GB 数据盘
- S:\ -> 257 GB 数据盘
如您所见，我只实现了指定速度的一小部分 IOPS 和吞吐量，并且两个数据盘的速度一样慢。我配置错了吗？
编辑： 看起来 IOPS 还行。我假设读写是接连发生的，因此 IOPS 为 1750。总测量值为 3500 IOPS，甚至高于标称的最大值 2800。编辑2：3500 IOPS 可能与托管高级 SSD 的爆发。
但是，吞吐量看起来不太好，27.3 MBps 肯定低于标称的 50 MBps 和 150 MBps。编辑2：通过突发我应该可以达到 170 MBps，而不是 150 MBps。
为什么这两个驱动器的速度一样快的问题仍然存在。
答案1
Microsoft 支持指出吞吐量低的原因是测试的块大小太小。我用更大的块大小验证了这一点，并得到了承诺的数字。
小盘和大盘速度相同，是因为两者的信用突发速度相同，信用消耗后，速度会降低到单个较低速度。