我有 Ubuntu 22.04 Server，运行于Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v3 @ 2.60GHz
当尝试安装软件包时，apt 会抱怨 unment 依赖关系并建议运行apt --fix-broken install：
# apt install vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpam-modules : PreDepends: libpam-modules-bin (= 1.4.0-11ubuntu2) but 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.1 is to be installed
vim : Depends: vim-runtime (= 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libsodium23 (>= 1.0.14) but it is not going to be installed
但当我运行它时，我总是收到非法指令和核心转储
# apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 98 not upgraded.
7 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 318 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://pl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpam-modules-bin amd64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3 [37.6 kB]
Get:2 http://pl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpam-modules amd64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3 [280 kB]
Fetched 318 kB in 0s (1,959 kB/s)
Illegal instruction (core dumped)
(Reading database ... 144899 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules-bin_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpam-modules-bin (1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3) over (1.4.0-11ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up libpam-modules-bin (1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3) ...
(Reading database ... 144899 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb (--unpack):
new libpam-modules:amd64 package pre-installation script subprocess was killed by signal (Illegal instruction), core dumped
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
有趣的是，其他一些程序也无法运行，抛出非法指令错误，例如：
# man
man: c!n'�(mxol Ehe(manpath coJfigura4i/n gilG +eTc/�enpiticon`ig
Illegal instruction (core dumped)
我尝试在互联网上搜索解决方案，但几乎没有任何信息。人们看到“非法指令”的所有情况都是当他们尝试运行错误编译的代码时（例如针对错误的 CPU 架构）。但在这里，我只是尝试在相当常见的 Intel CPU 上运行公共 Ubuntu 存储库提供的一些二进制文件。发生了什么？损坏的文件系统会产生这种类型的错误吗（例如，物理磁盘损坏）？还是与 CPU 有关？
我的lscpu：
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 32
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-31
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v3 @ 2.60GHz
CPU family: 6
Model: 63
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 8
Socket(s): 2
Stepping: 2
CPU max MHz: 3400.0000
CPU min MHz: 1200.0000
BogoMIPS: 5200.49
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonst
op_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm cpuid_f
ault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm xsaveopt cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc dtherm ida arat pln pts md_clea
r flush_l1d
Virtualization features:
Virtualization: VT-x
Caches (sum of all):
L1d: 512 KiB (16 instances)
L1i: 512 KiB (16 instances)
L2: 4 MiB (16 instances)
L3: 40 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA:
NUMA node(s): 2
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31
Vulnerabilities:
Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: VMX disabled
L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
Mds: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Meltdown: Mitigation; PTI
Mmio stale data: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Retbleed: Not affected
Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Spectre v2: Mitigation; Retpolines, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Srbds: Not affected
Tsx async abort: Not affected
操作系统：
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy