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如何在 UNIX 中为同一个变量设置多个值？

tag-icon • tag-icon shell-script variable
如何在 UNIX 中为同一个变量设置多个值？

我试图让一个脚本给我多个单词和单词变体的输出。我尝试为变量添加 -o，引用单词，将它们通过管道连接在一起。每个 varname 的单词是我想要输出给我的指示单词。有没有办法纠正这个问题，或者每个变量都需要单独设置吗？如varname1=even varname2=Even varname3=EVEN等。

#!/bin/bash

varname1=even -o Even -o EVEN
varrname2=odd -o Odd -o ODD
varname3=zero -o Zero -o ZERO
varname4=negative -o Negative -o NEGATIVE

# Ask the user for one of four select words
echo "Type one of the following words:"
echo "even, odd, zero, negative"
read varword
if [[ ("$varword" = $varname1 ) || ("$varword" = $varname2 ) || ("$varword" = $varname3 ) || ("$varword" = $varname4 ) ]]
then
    echo "The approved word you have selected is $varword, great work! "
else
    echo "The unapproved word you have selected is $varword, Please try again."
fi

答案1

echo "Type one of the following words:"
echo "even, odd, zero, negative"
while :; do
  read varword
  varword="${varword,,}" #downcase it
  case "$varword" in
    even|odd|zero|negative)
      echo "The approved word you have selected is $varword, great work! "; break;;
    *)
      echo "The unapproved word you have selected is $varword, Please try again.";;
  esac
done

答案2

在一个变量中存储多个值的一种方法是数组。这是有关如何在 bash 中使用数组变量的文档。

然而，在我看来，你想要的是不区分大小写的匹配。这可以通过 来实现grep -iq。i告诉 grep 匹配不区分大小写，并q告诉 grep 它应该只返回 true 或 false。另外，您可以\|在 grep 子句中使用 or 运算符来匹配多个单词。最后，您使用这里字符串符号 <<< 将变量直接提供给 grep。这大大简化了您的脚本：

#!/bin/bash

# Ask the user for one of four select words
echo "Type one of the following words:"
echo "even, odd, zero, negative"
read varword
if grep -iq "even\|odd\|zero\|negative" <<< "$varword"
then
    echo "The approved word you have selected is $varword, great work! "
else
    echo "The unapproved word you have selected is $varword, Please try again."
fi

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