我刚刚在 AWS EC2 上启动了一个全新的 t4g.nano 实例。我输入的第一件事是apt update; apt upgrade; apt install mysql-server-8.0。以下是完整日志：
$ ssh -i ~/downloads/*.pem ubuntu@[ip]
The authenticity of host '[ip]' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:[key].
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[ip]' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.19.0-1025-aws aarch64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System information as of Wed Jun 28 21:48:52 UTC 2023
System load: 0.39404296875 Processes: 140
Usage of /: 19.4% of 7.58GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 49% IPv4 address for ens5: [ip]
Swap usage: 0%
Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.
0 updates can be applied immediately.
Enable ESM Apps to receive additional future security updates.
See https://ubuntu.com/esm or run: sudo pro status
The list of available updates is more than a week old.
To check for new updates run: sudo apt update
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
ubuntu@[ip]:~$ sudo apt update; sudo apt upgrade; sudo apt install mysql-server-8.0
### I'm not including the update/upgrade log here ###
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0ldbl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl
libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmecab2 libprotobuf-lite23 libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mecab-ipadic
mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-core-8.0
Suggested packages:
libdata-dump-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl libbusiness-isbn-perl libwww-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libclone-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 libfcgi-bin libfcgi-perl libfcgi0ldbl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl
libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmecab2 libprotobuf-lite23 libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mecab-ipadic
mecab-ipadic-utf8 mecab-utils mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-8.0 mysql-server-core-8.0
0 upgraded, 27 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 28.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 238 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 mysql-common all 5.8+1.0.8 [7212 B]
Get:2 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 mysql-client-core-8.0 arm64 8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [2915 kB]
Get:3 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 mysql-client-8.0 arm64 8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [22.7 kB]
Get:4 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 arm64 2.1.12-stable-1build3 [7588 B]
Get:5 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libmecab2 arm64 0.996-14build9 [188 kB]
Get:6 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 libprotobuf-lite23 arm64 3.12.4-1ubuntu7.22.04.1 [192 kB]
Get:7 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 mysql-server-core-8.0 arm64 8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [16.7 MB]
Get:8 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy-updates/main arm64 mysql-server-8.0 arm64 8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [1232 kB]
Get:9 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libhtml-tagset-perl all 3.20-4 [12.5 kB]
Get:10 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 liburi-perl all 5.10-1 [78.8 kB]
Get:11 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libhtml-parser-perl arm64 3.76-1build2 [87.1 kB]
Get:12 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libcgi-pm-perl all 4.54-1 [188 kB]
Get:13 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libfcgi0ldbl arm64 2.4.2-2build2 [28.0 kB]
Get:14 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libfcgi-perl arm64 0.82+ds-1build1 [22.3 kB]
Get:15 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libcgi-fast-perl all 1:2.15-1 [10.5 kB]
Get:16 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libclone-perl arm64 0.45-1build3 [10.8 kB]
Get:17 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libencode-locale-perl all 1.05-1.1 [11.8 kB]
Get:18 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libfcgi-bin arm64 2.4.2-2build2 [10.7 kB]
Get:19 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.97-1.1 [59.1 kB]
Get:20 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libtimedate-perl all 2.3300-2 [34.0 kB]
Get:21 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libhttp-date-perl all 6.05-1 [9920 B]
Get:22 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libio-html-perl all 1.004-2 [15.4 kB]
Get:23 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 liblwp-mediatypes-perl all 6.04-1 [19.5 kB]
Get:24 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 libhttp-message-perl all 6.36-1 [76.8 kB]
Get:25 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 mecab-utils arm64 0.996-14build9 [4830 B]
Get:26 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 mecab-ipadic all 2.7.0-20070801+main-3 [6718 kB]
Get:27 http://us-west-2.ec2.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports jammy/main arm64 mecab-ipadic-utf8 all 2.7.0-20070801+main-3 [4384 B]
Fetched 28.7 MB in 1s (36.1 MB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 96282 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-mysql-common_5.8+1.0.8_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.8+1.0.8) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-8.0.
Preparing to unpack .../1-mysql-client-core-8.0_8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-core-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-8.0.
Preparing to unpack .../2-mysql-client-8.0_8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../3-libevent-pthreads-2.1-7_2.1.12-stable-1build3_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libevent-pthreads-2.1-7:arm64 (2.1.12-stable-1build3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmecab2:arm64.
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Unpacking libprotobuf-lite23:arm64 (3.12.4-1ubuntu7.22.04.1) ...
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Unpacking mysql-server-core-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.8+1.0.8) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-8.0.
(Reading database ... 96496 files and directories currently installed.)
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Unpacking mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
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Unpacking mecab-ipadic-utf8 (2.7.0-20070801+main-3) ...
Setting up libmecab2:arm64 (0.996-14build9) ...
Setting up mysql-client-core-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up libfcgi0ldbl:arm64 (2.4.2-2build2) ...
Setting up libclone-perl (0.45-1build3) ...
Setting up libhtml-tagset-perl (3.20-4) ...
Setting up liblwp-mediatypes-perl (6.04-1) ...
Setting up libfcgi-bin (2.4.2-2build2) ...
Setting up libencode-locale-perl (1.05-1.1) ...
Setting up libprotobuf-lite23:arm64 (3.12.4-1ubuntu7.22.04.1) ...
Setting up mecab-utils (0.996-14build9) ...
Setting up libio-html-perl (1.004-2) ...
Setting up libtimedate-perl (2.3300-2) ...
Setting up mysql-client-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up libfcgi-perl:arm64 (0.82+ds-1build1) ...
Setting up liburi-perl (5.10-1) ...
Setting up libevent-pthreads-2.1-7:arm64 (2.1.12-stable-1build3) ...
Setting up libhttp-date-perl (6.05-1) ...
Setting up mecab-ipadic (2.7.0-20070801+main-3) ...
Compiling IPA dictionary for Mecab. This takes long time...
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/unk.def ... 40
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
/usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/model.def is not found. skipped.
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Interjection.csv ... 252
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.proper.csv ... 27328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.nai.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adverbal.csv ... 795
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.place.csv ... 72999
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Auxil.csv ... 199
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.demonst.csv ... 120
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.number.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Filler.csv ... 19
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.csv ... 60477
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Suffix.csv ... 1393
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.org.csv ... 16668
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Others.csv ... 2
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.others.csv ... 151
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Symbol.csv ... 208
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Conjunction.csv ... 171
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adnominal.csv ... 135
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Prefix.csv ... 221
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp-col.csv ... 91
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adjv.csv ... 3328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adverb.csv ... 3032
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.verbal.csv ... 12146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp.csv ... 146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adj.csv ... 27210
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.name.csv ... 34202
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Verb.csv ... 130750
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix : 100% |###########################################|
done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up mysql-server-core-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up mecab-ipadic-utf8 (2.7.0-20070801+main-3) ...
Compiling IPA dictionary for Mecab. This takes long time...
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/unk.def ... 40
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
/usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/model.def is not found. skipped.
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Interjection.csv ... 252
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.proper.csv ... 27328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.nai.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adverbal.csv ... 795
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.place.csv ... 72999
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Auxil.csv ... 199
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.demonst.csv ... 120
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.number.csv ... 42
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Filler.csv ... 19
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.csv ... 60477
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Suffix.csv ... 1393
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.org.csv ... 16668
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Others.csv ... 2
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.others.csv ... 151
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Symbol.csv ... 208
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Conjunction.csv ... 171
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adnominal.csv ... 135
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Prefix.csv ... 221
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp-col.csv ... 91
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.adjv.csv ... 3328
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adverb.csv ... 3032
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.verbal.csv ... 12146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Postp.csv ... 146
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Adj.csv ... 27210
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Noun.name.csv ... 34202
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/Verb.csv ... 130750
emitting double-array: 100% |###########################################|
reading /usr/share/mecab/dic/ipadic/matrix.def ... 1316x1316
emitting matrix : 100% |###########################################|
done!
update-alternatives: using /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic-utf8 to provide /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary) in auto mode
Setting up libhtml-parser-perl:arm64 (3.76-1build2) ...
Setting up libhttp-message-perl (6.36-1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.33-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mysql-server-8.0.postinst: line 21: 19937 Killed mysqld --user=mysql --daemonize --socket="$tmpdir/mysqld.sock" --pid-file="$tmpdir/mysqld.pid" --skip-networking
Warning: Unable to start the server.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
Job for mysql.service failed.
See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xeu mysql.service" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: oom-kill) since Wed 2023-06-28 21:51:29 UTC; 29ms ago
Process: 20010 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 20018 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld (code=killed, signal=KILL)
Main PID: 20018 (code=killed, signal=KILL)
Status: "Server startup in progress"
CPU: 274ms
Jun 28 21:51:29 ip-172-31-53-175 systemd[1]: mysql.service: A process of this unit has been killed by the OOM killer.
Jun 28 21:51:29 ip-172-31-53-175 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Main process exited, code=killed, status=9/KILL
Jun 28 21:51:29 ip-172-31-53-175 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'oom-kill'.
Jun 28 21:51:29 ip-172-31-53-175 systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.
dpkg: error processing package mysql-server-8.0 (--configure):
installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Setting up libcgi-pm-perl (4.54-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.97-1.1) ...
Setting up libcgi-fast-perl (1:2.15-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
mysql-server-8.0
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
ubuntu@[ip]:~$
注意最后的错误。为什么mysql-server安装失败？我做错了什么，我还能如何安装它？
答案1
A process of this unit has been killed by the OOM killer.
问题是内存不足（t4g.nano 只有 0.5 GB）。我通过创建交换文件（来源)：
sudo /bin/dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swap.1 bs=1M count=1024
sudo /sbin/mkswap /var/swap.1
sudo chmod 600 /var/swap.1
sudo /sbin/swapon /var/swap.1