经过漫长而艰苦的斗争，我终于能够配置 postfix 以向外部域发送邮件。现在的问题是接收来自外部域的邮件。我将 pop3 协议与 dovecot 结合使用，它似乎运行良好（除了这个问题）。这是我的配置文件：
## Dovecot configuration file
# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration
# "doveconf -n" command gives a clean output of the changed settings. Use it
# instead of copy&pasting files when posting to the Dovecot mailing list.
# '#' character and everything after it is treated as comments. Extra spaces
# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these explicitly, put the
# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing whitespace "
# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not required to uncomment
# those. These are exceptions to this though: No sections (e.g. namespace {})
# or plugin settings are added by default, they're listed only as examples.
# Paths are also just examples with the real defaults being based on configure
# options. The paths listed here are for configure --prefix=/usr
# --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var
# Enable installed protocols
!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol
# A comma separated list of IPs or hosts where to listen in for connections.
# "*" listens in all IPv4 interfaces, "::" listens in all IPv6 interfaces.
# If you want to specify non-default ports or anything more complex,
# edit conf.d/master.conf.
#listen = *, ::
# Base directory where to store runtime data.
#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/
# Name of this instance. Used to prefix all Dovecot processes in ps output.
#instance_name = dovecot
# Greeting message for clients.
#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.
# Space separated list of trusted network ranges. Connections from these
# IPs are allowed to override their IP addresses and ports (for logging and
# for authentication checks). disable_plaintext_auth is also ignored for
# these networks. Typically you'd specify your IMAP proxy servers here.
#login_trusted_networks =
# Sepace separated list of login access check sockets (e.g. tcpwalias_database =
#login_access_sockets =
# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently shows user name and
# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP processes
# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple accounts).
#verbose_proctitle = no
# Should all processes be killed when Dovecot master process shuts down.
# Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be upgraded without
# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could also be
# a problem if the upgrade is e.g. because of a security fix).
#shutdown_clients = yes
# If non-zero, run mail commands via this many connections to doveadm server,
# instead of running them directly in the same process.
#doveadm_worker_count = 0
# UNIX socket or host:port used for connecting to doveadm server
#doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server
# Space separated list of environment variables that are preserved on Dovecot
# startup and passed down to all of its child processes. You can also give
# key=value pairs to always set specific settings.
#import_environment = TZ
##
## Dictionary server settings
##
# Dictionary can be used to store key=value lists. This is used by several
# plugins. The dictionary can be accessed either directly or though a
# dictionary server. The following dict block maps dictionary names to URIs
# when the server is used. These can then be referenced using URIs in format
# "proxy::<name>".
dict {
#quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
#expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
}
# Most of the actual configuration gets included below. The filenames are
# first sorted by their ASCII value and parsed in that order. The 00-prefixes
# in filenames are intended to make it easier to understand the ordering.
!include conf.d/*.conf
# A config file can also tried to be included without giving an error if
# it's not found:
!include_try local.conf
protocols = pop3
mail_location = maildir:/home/%u/Maildir
auth default {
mechanisms = plain login
passdb pam {
}
userdb passwd {
}
user = root
socket listen {
client {
path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
}
如果我尝试 telnet dovecot，它会起作用：
telnet localhost 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
我可以接收来自其他 dunnet.usr.sh 电子邮件帐户的电子邮件，但无法接收来自 hotmail 或 gmail 帐户的电子邮件。出了什么问题？SASL 是问题吗？
这也是我的 main.cf 文件：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
myhostname = dunnet.usr.sh
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydomain = domain.tld
mydestination = $mydomain
#dunnet, localhost, localhost, dunnet.usr.sh, smtp-server.maine.rr.com
relayhost = $mydestination
relayhost = smtp-server.maine.rr.com
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 71.74.56.22
mailbox_size_limit = 51200000
recipient_delimiter =
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
home_mailbox = Maildir/
local_recipient_maps =
relay_domains = smtp-server.maine.rr.com
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_rejtect_unlisted_sender = no
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
以下是 postconf -n 的输出：
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
config_directory = /etc/postfix
home_mailbox = Maildir/
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
local_recipient_maps =
mailbox_size_limit = 51200000
mydestination = $mydomain
mydomain = domain.tld
myhostname = dunnet.usr.sh
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 71.74.56.22
myorigin = /etc/mailname
readme_directory = no
recipient_delimiter =
relay_domains = smtp-server.maine.rr.com
relayhost = smtp-server.maine.rr.com
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_use_tls = yes
postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: smtp_rejtect_unlisted_sender=no
删除 smtp_reject 行并重试后，邮件日志显示以下内容：
Feb 4 19:49:50 dunnet postfix/smtpd[13174]: connect from snt0-omc2-s17.snt0.hotmail.com[65.55.90.92]
Feb 4 19:49:51 dunnet postfix/smtpd[13174]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from snt0-omc2-s17.snt0.hotmail.com[65.55.90.92]: 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<snt0-omc2-s17.snt0.hotmail.com>
Feb 4 19:49:51 dunnet postfix/smtpd[13174]: disconnect from snt0-omc2-s17.snt0.hotmail.com[65.55.90.92]
答案1
Postfix 不会为未配置的域强调邮件：
554 5.7.1：中继访问被拒绝
您需要将 dunnet.usr.sh 添加到 postfix 将接受邮件的域列表中。
看一眼接收哪些域名的邮件让您走上正确的道路。
答案2
虽然这不相关，但您需要处理的第一件事是 smtp_reject_unlisted_sender 中的拼写错误。查看输出的最底行postconf -n：
postconf：警告：/etc/postfix/main.cf：未使用的参数：smtp_rejtect_unlisted_sender=no
修复此问题后，重新加载 Postfix，尝试从 Gmail 或 Hotmail 地址向自己发送电子邮件，并检查邮件日志文件（在 /var/log 中）以查看 Postfix 是否有任何抱怨。
如果邮件日志中没有显示任何内容，请查看是否收到退回邮件。如果收到，退回邮件中说了什么？使用这些信息可以缩小问题范围。