我尝试设置自己的邮件服务器（postfix、dovecot、mysql 等），并且可以通过 imaps/pop3s 连接，没有任何问题。但每次我尝试连接到 SMTP 服务器（例如使用 Apple Mail App）时，都会收到以下错误：“登录 SMTP 服务器“domain.tld”失败……”
我用了本网站设置我的电子邮件服务器，并且它可以在我的另一台服务器上运行。
我的错误日志内容如下：
Apr 19 04:30:26 s1 postfix/smtpd[2412]: Anonymous TLS connection established from c-xx-xxx-xxx-xx.hsd2.fl.comcast.net[xx.xxx.xxx.xx]: TLSv1 with cipher AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)
Apr 19 04:30:26 s1 postfix/smtpd[2412]: warning: SASL authentication problem: unknown password verifier
Apr 19 04:30:26 s1 postfix/smtpd[2412]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed
Apr 19 04:30:26 s1 postfix/smtpd[2412]: warning: c-xx-xxx-xxx-xx.hsd2.fl.comcast.net[xx.xxx.xxx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: no mechanism available
Apr 19 04:30:26 s1 postfix/smtpd[2412]: disconnect from c-xx-xxx-xxx-xx.hsd2.fl.comcast.net[xx.xxx.xxx.xx]
这是我的 main.cf 文件的内容：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix
# TLS parameters
#smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_sasl_type = cyrus
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /var/ssl/public.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /var/ssl/domain_tld.key
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /var/ssl/intermediate.crt
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
#anti-spam - added on march 27 2013 - martin
disable_vrfy_command = yes
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
reject_invalid_hostname,
permit
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
mydomain = domain.tld
myhostname = s1.domain.tld
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = domain.tld, s1.domain.tld localhost, localhost.localdomain
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html
message_size_limit = 30720000
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated,
reject_unauth_destination,
reject_invalid_hostname,
reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
reject_non_fqdn_sender,
reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
reject_unknown_sender_domain,
reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
permit_mynetworks,
permit
#smtpd_error_sleep_time = 1s
#smtpd_soft_error_limit = 10
#smtpd_hard_error_limit = 20
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_maildir_extended = yes
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
这是我的 master.cf 文件的内容：
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay unix - - - - - smtp
-o smtp_fallback_relay=
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}
这是我的 /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf 文件的内容：
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: plain login
allow_plaintext: true
auxprop_plugin: mysql
sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1
sql_user: mail_admin
sql_passwd: ******
sql_database: mail
sql_select: select password from users where email = '%u'
这是我的 /etc/default/saslauthd 文件的内容：
START=yes
DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon"
NAME="saslauthd"
MECHANISMS="pam"
MECH_OPTIONS=""
THREADS=5
OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r"
telnet localhost 25 打印出：
# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 s1.domain.tld ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)
ehlo localhost
250-s1.domain.tld
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 30720000
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
我希望有人能解决我的问题。
基本上，我希望有一个运行邮件服务器，可以使用 SSL 并且安全。
答案1
基本上，如果你想通过 MySQL 进行 SASL 身份验证，你有 3 个选择
- 使用 pam-mysql 和 saslauthd。您链接的教程使用此教程。
- 使用 sql auxprop 插件。在
/etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf上面的文件中，您已经定义了此方法。 - 使用 dovecot 代替 cyrus SASL（选项 1 和 2）。让 dovecot 为您提供身份验证套接字。
您声称您已按照上述教程中的方法 1 进行操作。但您在配置文件中使用了方法 2。这种组合永远不会成功。
假设你想使用方法 2，那么你需要pwcheck_method进行/etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf以下更改
pwcheck_method: auxprop
您可以安全地停止 saslauthd 守护进程。