今天早上，我收到警报，告知我应用程序的两个 Apache 实例均未响应来自负载均衡器的请求。我尝试了一下，apachectl restart结果显示 Apache 未运行。因此，我在两个实例上都启动了 Apache，并重新启动了服务。然后，我查看了日志，发现两个实例都通过无人值守升级在他们停止响应之前，包裹瞬间就被破坏了。
/var/log/无人值守升级/无人值守升级.log
2013-07-02 06:30:51,875 INFO Starting unattended upgrades script
2013-07-02 06:30:51,875 INFO Allowed origins are: ['o=Ubuntu,a=precise-security']
2013-07-02 06:33:57,771 INFO Packages that are upgraded: accountsservice apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common apparmor apport apt apt-transport-https apt-utils bind9-host binutils dbus dnsutils gnupg gpgv isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common krb5-locales libaccountsservice0 libapt-inst1.4 libapt-pkg4.12 libbind9-80 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2 libdns81 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau1a libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libexpat1 libfreetype6 libgc1c2 libgnutls-dev libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls26 libgnutlsxx27 libisc83 libisccc80 libisccfg82 liblwres80 libruby1.8 libx11-6 libx11-data libxcb1 libxext6 libxml2 linux-firmware linux-image-virtual linux-libc-dev linux-virtual multiarch-support openssl perl perl-base perl-modules python-apport python-crypto python-keyring python-problem-report python-software-properties ri1.8 ruby1.8 ruby1.8-dev sudo tzdata update-manager-core
2013-07-02 06:33:57,772 INFO Writing dpkg log to '/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg_2013-07-02_06:33:57.772399.log'
2013-07-02 06:36:10,584 INFO All upgrades installed
我在 Amazon EC2 服务器上运行 Ubuntu 12.04。我已安装无人值守升级，并进行了如下配置：
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
// Automatically upgrade packages from these (origin:archive) pairs
Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
"${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-security";
// "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-updates";
// "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-proposed";
// "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-backports";
};
// List of packages to not update
Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist {
};
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
我一直在努力寻找有关升级期间正在运行的进程发生什么情况的文档。
- 这是预期的行为吗？还是 unattended-upgrades 升级后应该重新启动 apache？ - 我该怎么做才能确保 apache 正确重启？我应该将 apache 包列入黑名单吗？
编辑：
升级日志包含以下内容：
/var/log/无人值守升级/无人值守升级-dpkg_2013-07-02_06:33:57.772399.log
Preparing to replace apache2 2.2.22-1ubuntu1 (using .../apache2_2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement apache2 ...
Preparing to replace apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.22-1ubuntu1 (using .../apache2-mpm-prefork_2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb) ...
* Stopping web server apache2
[Tue Jul 02 06:34:49 2013] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:80 has no VirtualHosts
... waiting ...done.
这是完整的升级日志：
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 47409 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace perl 5.14.2-6ubuntu2 (using .../perl_5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement perl ...
Preparing to replace perl-base 5.14.2-6ubuntu2 (using .../perl-base_5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement perl-base ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up perl-base (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3) ...
(Reading database ... 47409 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace perl-modules 5.14.2-6ubuntu2 (using .../perl-modules_5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement perl-modules ...
Preparing to replace libc-dev-bin 2.15-0ubuntu10 (using .../libc-dev-bin_2.15-0ubuntu10.2_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc-dev-bin ...
Preparing to replace libc6-dev 2.15-0ubuntu10 (using .../libc6-dev_2.15-0ubuntu10.2_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc6-dev ...
Preparing to replace libc-bin 2.15-0ubuntu10 (using .../libc-bin_2.15-0ubuntu10.2_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc-bin ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libc-bin (2.15-0ubuntu10.2) ...
(Reading database ... 47409 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc6 2.15-0ubuntu10 (using .../libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.2_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc6 ...
Setting up libc6 (2.15-0ubuntu10.2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
(Reading database ... 47409 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-29.46 (using .../linux-libc-dev_3.2.0-48.74_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-libc-dev ...
Preparing to replace tzdata 2012b-1 (using .../tzdata_2012e-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement tzdata ...
Setting up tzdata (2012e-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ...
Current default time zone: 'Etc/UTC'
Local time is now: Tue Jul 2 06:34:23 UTC 2013.
Universal Time is now: Tue Jul 2 06:34:23 UTC 2013.
Run 'dpkg-reconfigure tzdata' if you wish to change it.
(Reading database ... 47409 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libapt-pkg4.12 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10 (using .../libapt-pkg4.12_0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.10_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libapt-pkg4.12 ...
Setting up libapt-pkg4.12 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.10) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
(Reading database ... 47409 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace gpgv 1.4.11-3ubuntu2 (using .../gpgv_1.4.11-3ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement gpgv ...
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Setting up gpgv (1.4.11-3ubuntu2.2) ...
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Setting up gnupg (1.4.11-3ubuntu2.2) ...
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gpg: key 437D05B5: "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" not changed
gpg: key FBB75451: "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 2
gpg: unchanged: 2
(Reading database ... 47410 files and directories currently installed.)
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Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.2.0-48-virtual.
Unpacking linux-image-3.2.0-48-virtual (from .../linux-image-3.2.0-48-virtual_3.2.0-48.74_amd64.deb) ...
Done.
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Unpacking replacement multiarch-support ...
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(Reading database ... 48302 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to replace dbus 1.4.18-1ubuntu1 (using .../dbus_1.4.18-1ubuntu1.4_amd64.deb) ...
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Preparing to replace openssl 1.0.1-4ubuntu3 (using .../openssl_1.0.1-4ubuntu5.8_amd64.deb) ...
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Preparing to replace apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.22-1ubuntu1 (using .../apache2-mpm-prefork_2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb) ...
* Stopping web server apache2
[Tue Jul 02 06:34:49 2013] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:80 has no VirtualHosts
... waiting ...done.
Unpacking replacement apache2-mpm-prefork ...
Preparing to replace apache2.2-common 2.2.22-1ubuntu1 (using .../apache2.2-common_2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb) ...
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apport stop/waiting
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Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.2.0-48.
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Processing triggers for man-db ...
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Processing triggers for ufw ...
Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.15-0ubuntu10.2) ...
Setting up linux-libc-dev (3.2.0-48.74) ...
Setting up libc6-dev (2.15-0ubuntu10.2) ...
Setting up libapt-inst1.4 (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.10) ...
Setting up libdbus-1-3 (1.4.18-1ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up libdrm2 (2.4.39-0ubuntu0.2) ...
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Setting up libdrm-nouveau1a (2.4.39-0ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up libdrm-radeon1 (2.4.39-0ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up apparmor (2.7.102-0ubuntu3.7) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-email ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/multimedia ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/nameservice ...
* Starting AppArmor profiles
Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd
...done.
* Reloading AppArmor profiles
Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd
...done.
Setting up libgnutls26 (2.12.14-5ubuntu3.4) ...
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Setting up libgnutls-openssl27 (2.12.14-5ubuntu3.4) ...
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Setting up libxext6 (2:1.3.0-3ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libxml2 (2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.4) ...
Setting up libexpat1 (2.0.1-7.2ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libfreetype6 (2.4.8-1ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-48-virtual (3.2.0-48.74) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.2.0-48-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-48-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-48-virtual
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-48-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/x-grub-legacy-ec2 3.2.0-48-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-virtual
Found kernel: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-virtual
Found kernel: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Replacing config file /run/grub/menu.lst with new version
Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-48-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
Generating grub.cfg ...
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-48-virtual
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-48-virtual
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-virtual
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-virtual
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: warn: disk does not exist, so falling back to partition device /dev/xvda1.
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
Setting up apt-utils (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.10) ...
Setting up isc-dhcp-common (4.1.ESV-R4-0ubuntu5.5) ...
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Setting up sudo (1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.4) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/pam.d/sudo ...
Setting up apt-transport-https (0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.10) ...
Setting up libisc83 (1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.6) ...
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Setting up dbus (1.4.18-1ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up krb5-locales (1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3) ...
Setting up openssl (1.0.1-4ubuntu5.8) ...
Setting up libaccountsservice0 (0.6.15-2ubuntu9.1) ...
Setting up accountsservice (0.6.15-2ubuntu9.1) ...
Setting up apache2.2-bin (2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up apache2-utils (2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up python-problem-report (2.0.1-0ubuntu15.1) ...
Setting up python-apport (2.0.1-0ubuntu15.1) ...
Setting up apport (2.0.1-0ubuntu15.1) ...
apport start/running
Setting up binutils (2.22-6ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libgc1c2 (1:7.1-8ubuntu0.12.04.1) ...
Setting up libruby1.8 (1.8.7.352-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up ruby1.8-dev (1.8.7.352-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up ruby1.8 (1.8.7.352-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up linux-firmware (1.79.4) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.2.0-48 (3.2.0-48.74) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.2.0-48-virtual (3.2.0-48.74) ...
Setting up linux-headers-virtual (3.2.0.48.58) ...
Setting up linux-image-virtual (3.2.0.48.58) ...
Setting up linux-virtual (3.2.0.48.58) ...
Setting up python-crypto (2.4.1-1ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up python-keyring (0.9.2-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Setting up python-software-properties (0.82.7.3) ...
Setting up ri1.8 (1.8.7.352-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up update-manager-core (1:0.156.14.5) ...
Setting up perl-modules (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up perl (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up apache2.2-common (2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up apache2-mpm-prefork (2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up apache2 (2.2.22-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
答案1
我今天遇到了同样的问题。答案有点晚了，但可能对某些人有帮助。
我的操作系统：ubuntu 16.04.7
简短回答：
不要通过 启动 apache2 进程apachectl start。
相反，始终使用systemctl start apache2。
当您通过 systemd 启动 apache2 时apachectl无法意识到进程正在运行。（systemctl status apache2向您显示inactive(dead)）
有一天，unattended-upgrades 应用了一些库更新，然后 apache2 将通过 systemd 重新启动。此行为在中定义/var/lib/dpkg/info/xxx.postinst（xxx 是更新的库）。在我的例子中apache2_invoke enmod php7.0是调用，最后它调用invoke-rc.d apache2 restart相当于systemctl stop apache2 && systemctl start apache2。
我们来看一下apache2的systemd服务单元。
/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d/apache2-systemd.conf
[Service]
Type=forking
RemainAfterExit=no
该定义没有 ExecStart 或 ExecStop 行，因为它是由 生成的systemd-sysv-generator，因此cmd在本例中systemctl是 的门面。 重要的行是。这意味着“在启动脚本 (init.d/apache2 start) 退出后，守护进程也必须不存在，这样才会调用 ExecStop 来清理进程。”/etc/init.d/apache2RemainAfterExit=no
这是一个整个 Apache 消失的场景。
- 无人值守升级调用
systemctl restart apache2。 （或者可能只是systemctl start apahce2，然后跳至 3） - ExecStop 被调用但被忽略，因为服务状态为不活动。
- ExecStart 被调用并立即退出，因为已经有由 启动的 apache2 进程
apachectl。 - 由于 ExecStart 已经结束，因此再次调用 ExecStop，这一次执行脚本是因为 systemd 现在控制着 apache2。
- ExecStop (
/etc/init.d/apache2 stop) 杀死所有 apache2 进程，即使它们是由 启动的apachectl。
答案2
我一直在检查您升级的与 apache 相关的软件包的 postinst 脚本（位于 /var/lib/dpkg/info/ 中），它们都没有启动 apache，我看到的唯一文件是：
apache2-mpm-worker.postinst
而升级的软件包中并没有这个。看来软件包维护者没有考虑到，在依赖关系之后，apache2-mpm-prefork 停止的 apache 进程应该稍后启动。