我的终端全是黑白色的。:P 没有颜色。终端输出用不同的颜色突出显示以表示数据。例如，如果我们执行 ls，文件夹和文件有不同的颜色，但我的终端只显示一种颜色。
我在 Ubuntu 10.10 上使用 gnome-terminal
答案1
终端颜色（和其他命令）由文件中的配置控制~/.bashrc。如果您对 .bashrc 配置进行一些谷歌搜索，您可以找到一些可以使用的出色自定义配置。我使用的配置是我在网上找到的几种不同配置的组合，以及我对其进行的一些自定义更改。这是它的屏幕截图（在 cygwin 中，因为我目前正在工作）。
下面是我的 ~/.bashrc 文件的内容。如果你查看别名，别名会ls自动将颜色标志附加到命令中，因此如果你只是想要的颜色ls，那么这就是要使用的线路。
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Source global definitions (if any)
#-------------------------------------------------------------
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc # --> Read /etc/bashrc, if present.
fi
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Some settings
#-------------------------------------------------------------
ulimit -S -c 0 # Don't want any coredumps.
set -o notify
set -o noclobber
set -o ignoreeof
set -o nounset
#set -o xtrace # Useful for debuging.
# Enable options:
shopt -s cdspell
shopt -s cdable_vars
shopt -s checkhash
shopt -s checkwinsize
shopt -s sourcepath
shopt -s no_empty_cmd_completion
shopt -s cmdhist
shopt -s histappend histreedit histverify
shopt -s extglob # Necessary for programmable completion.
export TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal %3R\tuser %3U\tsys %3S\tpcpu %P\n'
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%H:%M > "
export HISTIGNORE="&:bg:fg:ll:h"
export HOSTFILE=$HOME/.hosts # Put list of remote hosts in ~/.hosts ...
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Greeting, motd etc...
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Define some colors first:
red='\e[0;31m'
RED='\e[1;31m'
blue='\e[0;34m'
BLUE='\e[1;34m'
cyan='\e[0;36m'
CYAN='\e[1;36m'
NC='\e[0m' # No Color
# --> Nice. Has the same effect as using "ansi.sys" in DOS.
# Looks best on a terminal with black background.....
date
function _exit() # Function to run upon exit of shell.
{
echo -e "${RED}Hasta la vista, baby${NC}"
}
trap _exit EXIT
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Shell Prompt
#-------------------------------------------------------------
if [[ "${DISPLAY%%:0*}" != "" ]]; then
HILIT=${red} # remote machine: prompt will be partly red
else
HILIT=${cyan} # local machine: prompt will be partly cyan
fi
export PS1='\n\[\033[0;31m\]\u\[\033[0;37m\]@\[\033[0;32m\]\h\[\033[0;37m\]:\[\033[0;36m\]\W\[\033[0;32m\]\$ \[\033[0;37m\]'
#===============================================================
#
# ALIASES AND FUNCTIONS
#
# Arguably, some functions defined here are quite big.
# If you want to make this file smaller, these functions can
# be converted into scripts and removed from here.
#
# Many functions were taken (almost) straight from the bash-2.04
# examples.
#
#===============================================================
#-------------------
# Personnal Aliases
#-------------------
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# -> Prevents accidentally clobbering files.
alias mkdir='mkdir -p'
alias h='history'
alias j='jobs -l'
alias which='type -a'
alias ..='cd ..'
alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias libpath='echo -e ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH//:/\\n}'
alias print='/usr/bin/lp -o nobanner -d $LPDEST'
# Assumes LPDEST is defined (default printer)
alias pjet='enscript -h -G -fCourier9 -d $LPDEST'
# Pretty-print using enscript
alias du='du -kh' # Makes a more readable output.
alias df='df -kTh'
alias vi='vim' #who wants to use vi over vim?
alias tarball='tar czvf' #I can never remember the arguments
alias untarball='tar xzvf'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# The 'ls' family (this assumes you use a recent GNU ls)
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias ll="ls -l --group-directories-first"
alias ls='ls -hF --color' # add colors for filetype recognition
alias la='ls -Al' # show hidden files
alias lx='ls -lXB' # sort by extension
alias lk='ls -lSr' # sort by size, biggest last
alias lc='ls -ltcr' # sort by and show change time, most recent last
alias lu='ls -ltur' # sort by and show access time, most recent last
alias lt='ls -ltr' # sort by date, most recent last
alias lm='ls -al |more' # pipe through 'more'
alias lr='ls -lR' # recursive ls
alias tree='tree -Csu' # nice alternative to 'recursive ls'
# If your version of 'ls' doesn't support --group-directories-first try this:
# function ll(){ ls -l "$@"| egrep "^d" ; ls -lXB "$@" 2>&-| \
# egrep -v "^d|total "; }
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# tailoring 'less'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias more='less'
export PAGER=less
export LESSCHARSET='latin1'
export LESSOPEN='|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s 2>&-'
# Use this if lesspipe.sh exists
export LESS='-i -N -w -z-4 -g -e -M -X -F -R -P%t?f%f \
:stdin .?pb%pb\%:?lbLine %lb:?bbByte %bb:-...'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# spelling typos - highly personnal and keyboard-dependent :-)
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias xs='cd'
alias vf='cd'
alias moer='more'
alias moew='more'
alias kk='ll'
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# A few fun ones
#-------------------------------------------------------------
function xtitle() # Adds some text in the terminal frame.
{
case "$TERM" in
*term | rxvt)
echo -n -e "\033]0;$*\007" ;;
*)
;;
esac
}
# aliases that use xtitle
alias top='xtitle Processes on $HOST && top'
alias make='xtitle Making $(basename $PWD) ; make'
alias ncftp="xtitle ncFTP ; ncftp"
# .. and functions
function man()
{
for i ; do
xtitle The $(basename $1|tr -d .[:digit:]) manual
command man -F -a "$i"
done
}
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Make the following commands run in background automatically:
#-------------------------------------------------------------
function te() # Wrapper around xemacs/gnuserv ...
{
if [ "$(gnuclient -batch -eval t 2>&-)" == "t" ]; then
gnuclient -q "$@";
else
( xemacs "$@" &);
fi
}
function soffice() { command soffice "$@" & }
function firefox() { command firefox "$@" & }
function xpdf() { command xpdf "$@" & }
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# File & string-related functions:
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Find a file with a pattern in name:
function ff() { find . -type f -iname '*'$*'*' -ls ; }
# Find a file with pattern $1 in name and Execute $2 on it:
function fe()
{ find . -type f -iname '*'${1:-}'*' -exec ${2:-file} {} \; ; }
# Find a pattern in a set of files and highlight them:
# (needs a recent version of egrep)
function fstr()
{
OPTIND=1
local case=""
local usage="fstr: find string in files.
Usage: fstr [-i] \"pattern\" [\"filename pattern\"] "
while getopts :it opt
do
case "$opt" in
i) case="-i " ;;
*) echo "$usage"; return;;
esac
done
shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
echo "$usage"
return;
fi
find . -type f -name "${2:-*}" -print0 | \
xargs -0 egrep --color=always -sn ${case} "$1" 2>&- | more
}
function cuttail() # cut last n lines in file, 10 by default
{
nlines=${2:-10}
sed -n -e :a -e "1,${nlines}!{P;N;D;};N;ba" $1
}
function lowercase() # move filenames to lowercase
{
for file ; do
filename=${file##*/}
case "$filename" in
*/*) dirname==${file%/*} ;;
*) dirname=.;;
esac
nf=$(echo $filename | tr A-Z a-z)
newname="${dirname}/${nf}"
if [ "$nf" != "$filename" ]; then
mv "$file" "$newname"
echo "lowercase: $file --> $newname"
else
echo "lowercase: $file not changed."
fi
done
}
function swap() # Swap 2 filenames around, if they exist
{ #(from Uzi's bashrc).
local TMPFILE=tmp.$$
[ $# -ne 2 ] && echo "swap: 2 arguments needed" && return 1
[ ! -e $1 ] && echo "swap: $1 does not exist" && return 1
[ ! -e $2 ] && echo "swap: $2 does not exist" && return 1
mv "$1" $TMPFILE
mv "$2" "$1"
mv $TMPFILE "$2"
}
function extract() # Handy Extract Program.
{
if [ -f $1 ] ; then
case $1 in
*.tar.bz2) tar xvjf $1 ;;
*.tar.gz) tar xvzf $1 ;;
*.bz2) bunzip2 $1 ;;
*.rar) unrar x $1 ;;
*.gz) gunzip $1 ;;
*.tar) tar xvf $1 ;;
*.tbz2) tar xvjf $1 ;;
*.tgz) tar xvzf $1 ;;
*.zip) unzip $1 ;;
*.Z) uncompress $1 ;;
*.7z) 7z x $1 ;;
*) echo "'$1' cannot be extracted via >extract<" ;;
esac
else
echo "'$1' is not a valid file"
fi
}
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Process/system related functions:
#-------------------------------------------------------------
function my_ps() { ps $@ -u $USER -o pid,%cpu,%mem,bsdtime,command ; }
function pp() { my_ps f | awk '!/awk/ && $0~var' var=${1:-".*"} ; }
function killps() # Kill by process name.
{
local pid pname sig="-TERM" # Default signal.
if [ "$#" -lt 1 ] || [ "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
echo "Usage: killps [-SIGNAL] pattern"
return;
fi
if [ $# = 2 ]; then sig=$1 ; fi
for pid in $(my_ps| awk '!/awk/ && $0~pat { print $1 }' pat=${!#} ) ; do
pname=$(my_ps | awk '$1~var { print $5 }' var=$pid )
if ask "Kill process $pid <$pname> with signal $sig?"
then kill $sig $pid
fi
done
}
function my_ip() # Get IP adresses.
{
MY_IP=$(/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | awk '/inet/ { print $2 } ' | \
sed -e s/addr://)
MY_ISP=$(/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | awk '/P-t-P/ { print $3 } ' | \
sed -e s/P-t-P://)
}
function ii() # Get current host related info.
{
echo -e "\nYou are logged on ${RED}$HOST"
echo -e "\nAdditionnal information:$NC " ; uname -a
echo -e "\n${RED}Users logged on:$NC " ; w -h
echo -e "\n${RED}Current date :$NC " ; date
echo -e "\n${RED}Machine stats :$NC " ; uptime
echo -e "\n${RED}Memory stats :$NC " ; free
my_ip 2>&- ;
echo -e "\n${RED}Local IP Address :$NC" ; echo ${MY_IP:-"Not connected"}
echo -e "\n${RED}ISP Address :$NC" ; echo ${MY_ISP:-"Not connected"}
echo -e "\n${RED}Open connections :$NC "; netstat -pan --inet;
echo
}
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc utilities:
#-------------------------------------------------------------
function repeat() # Repeat n times command.
{
local i max
max=$1; shift;
for ((i=1; i <= max ; i++)); do # --> C-like syntax
eval "$@";
done
}
function ask() # See 'killps' for example of use.
{
echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' ; read ans
case "$ans" in
y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
*) return 1 ;;
esac
}
function corename() # Get name of app that created a corefile.
{
for file ; do
echo -n $file : ; gdb --core=$file --batch | head -1
done
}
#=========================================================================
# PROGRAMMABLE COMPLETION - ONLY SINCE BASH-2.04
# Most are taken from the bash 2.05 documentation and from Ian McDonald's
# 'Bash completion' package (http://www.caliban.org/bash/#completion).
# You will in fact need bash more recent than 3.0 for some features.
#=========================================================================
if [ "${BASH_VERSION%.*}" \< "3.0" ]; then
echo "You will need to upgrade to version 3.0 \
for full programmable completion features."
return
fi
shopt -s extglob # Necessary,
#set +o nounset # otherwise some completions will fail.
complete -A hostname rsh rcp telnet rlogin r ftp ping disk
complete -A export printenv
complete -A variable export local readonly unset
complete -A enabled builtin
complete -A alias alias unalias
complete -A function function
complete -A user su mail finger
complete -A helptopic help # Currently, same as builtins.
complete -A shopt shopt
complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
complete -A job -P '%' fg jobs disown
complete -A directory mkdir rmdir
complete -A directory -o default cd
# Compression
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(zip|ZIP)' zip
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP)' unzip
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(z|Z)' compress
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(z|Z)' uncompress
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(gz|GZ)' gzip
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(gz|GZ)' gunzip
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bzip2
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bunzip2
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP|z|Z|gz|GZ|bz2|BZ2)' extract
# Documents - Postscript,pdf,dvi.....
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ps|PS)' gs ghostview ps2pdf ps2ascii
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips dvipdf xdvi dviselect dvitype
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread pdf2ps
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(@(?(e)ps|?(E)PS|pdf|PDF)?(.gz|.GZ|.bz2|.BZ2|.Z))' gv ggv
complete -f -o default -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html texi2pdf
complete -f -o default -X '!*.tex' tex latex slitex
complete -f -o default -X '!*.lyx' lyx
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(htm*|HTM*)' lynx html2ps
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(doc|DOC|xls|XLS|ppt|PPT|sx?|SX?|csv|CSV|od?|OD?|ott|OTT)' soffice
# Multimedia
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(gif|GIF|jp*g|JP*G|bmp|BMP|xpm|XPM|png|PNG)' xv gimp ee gqview
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123 mpg321
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ogg|OGG)' ogg123
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(mp[23]|MP[23]|ogg|OGG|wav|WAV|pls|m3u|xm|mod|s[3t]m|it|mtm|ult|flac)' xmms
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(mp?(e)g|MP?(E)G|wma|avi|AVI|asf|vob|VOB|bin|dat|vcd|\
ps|pes|fli|viv|rm|ram|yuv|mov|MOV|qt|QT|wmv|mp3|MP3|ogg|OGG|\
ogm|OGM|mp4|MP4|wav|WAV|asx|ASX)' xine
complete -f -o default -X '!*.pl' perl perl5
# This is a 'universal' completion function - it works when commands have
# a so-called 'long options' mode , ie: 'ls --all' instead of 'ls -a'
# Needs the '-o' option of grep
# (try the commented-out version if not available).
# First, remove '=' from completion word separators
# (this will allow completions like 'ls --color=auto' to work correctly).
COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS/=/}
_get_longopts()
{
#$1 --help | sed -e '/--/!d' -e 's/.*--\([^[:space:].,]*\).*/--\1/'| \
#grep ^"$2" |sort -u ;
$1 --help | grep -o -e "--[^[:space:].,]*" | grep -e "$2" |sort -u
}
_longopts()
{
local cur
cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
case "${cur:-*}" in
-*) ;;
*) return ;;
esac
case "$1" in
\~*) eval cmd="$1" ;;
*) cmd="$1" ;;
esac
COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts ${1} ${cur} ) )
}
complete -o default -F _longopts configure bash
complete -o default -F _longopts wget id info a2ps ls recode
_tar()
{
local cur ext regex tar untar
COMPREPLY=()
cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
# If we want an option, return the possible long options.
case "$cur" in
-*) COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts $1 $cur ) ); return 0;;
esac
if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]; then
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'c t x u r d A' -- $cur ) )
return 0
fi
case "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" in
?(-)c*f)
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
return 0
;;
+([^Izjy])f)
ext='tar'
regex=$ext
;;
*z*f)
ext='tar.gz'
regex='t\(ar\.\)\(gz\|Z\)'
;;
*[Ijy]*f)
ext='t?(ar.)bz?(2)'
regex='t\(ar\.\)bz2\?'
;;
*)
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
return 0
;;
esac
if [[ "$COMP_LINE" == tar*.$ext' '* ]]; then
# Complete on files in tar file.
#
# Get name of tar file from command line.
tar=$( echo "$COMP_LINE" | \
sed -e 's|^.* \([^ ]*'$regex'\) .*$|\1|' )
# Devise how to untar and list it.
untar=t${COMP_WORDS[1]//[^Izjyf]/}
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$( echo $( tar $untar $tar \
2>/dev/null ) )" -- "$cur" ) )
return 0
else
# File completion on relevant files.
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.$ext ) )
fi
return 0
}
complete -F _tar -o default tar
_make()
{
local mdef makef makef_dir="." makef_inc gcmd cur prev i;
COMPREPLY=();
cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]};
prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]};
case "$prev" in
-*f)
COMPREPLY=($(compgen -f $cur ));
return 0
;;
esac;
case "$cur" in
-*)
COMPREPLY=($(_get_longopts $1 $cur ));
return 0
;;
esac;
# make reads `GNUmakefile', then `makefile', then `Makefile'
if [ -f ${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile ]; then
makef=${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile
elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/makefile ]; then
makef=${makef_dir}/makefile
elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/Makefile ]; then
makef=${makef_dir}/Makefile
else
makef=${makef_dir}/*.mk # Local convention.
fi
# Before we scan for targets, see if a Makefile name was
# specified with -f ...
for (( i=0; i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++ )); do
if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == -f ]]; then
# eval for tilde expansion
eval makef=${COMP_WORDS[i+1]}
break
fi
done
[ ! -f $makef ] && return 0
# deal with included Makefiles
makef_inc=$( grep -E '^-?include' $makef | \
sed -e "s,^.* ,"$makef_dir"/," )
for file in $makef_inc; do
[ -f $file ] && makef="$makef $file"
done
# If we have a partial word to complete, restrict completions to
# matches of that word.
if [ -n "$cur" ]; then gcmd='grep "^$cur"' ; else gcmd=cat ; fi
COMPREPLY=( $( awk -F':' '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][^$#\/\t=]*:([^=]|$)/ \
{split($1,A,/ /);for(i in A)print A[i]}' \
$makef 2>/dev/null | eval $gcmd ))
}
complete -F _make -X '+($*|*.[cho])' make gmake pmake
_killall()
{
local cur prev
COMPREPLY=()
cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
# get a list of processes (the first sed evaluation
# takes care of swapped out processes, the second
# takes care of getting the basename of the process)
COMPREPLY=( $( /usr/bin/ps -u $USER -o comm | \
sed -e '1,1d' -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##'| \
awk '{if ($0 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $0}' ))
return 0
}
complete -F _killall killall killps
# A meta-command completion function for commands like sudo(8), which need to
# first complete on a command, then complete according to that command's own
# completion definition - currently not quite foolproof,
# but still quite useful (By Ian McDonald, modified by me).
_meta_comp()
{
local cur func cline cspec
COMPREPLY=()
cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
cmdline=${COMP_WORDS[@]}
if [ $COMP_CWORD = 1 ]; then
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -c $cur ) )
else
cmd=${COMP_WORDS[1]} # Find command.
cspec=$( complete -p ${cmd} ) # Find spec of that command.
# COMP_CWORD and COMP_WORDS() are not read-only,
# so we can set them before handing off to regular
# completion routine:
# Get current command line minus initial command,
cline="${COMP_LINE#$1 }"
# split current command line tokens into array,
COMP_WORDS=( $cline )
# set current token number to 1 less than now.
COMP_CWORD=$(( $COMP_CWORD - 1 ))
# If current arg is empty, add it to COMP_WORDS array
# (otherwise that information will be lost).
if [ -z $cur ]; then COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]="" ; fi
if [ "${cspec%%-F *}" != "${cspec}" ]; then
# if -F then get function:
func=${cspec#*-F }
func=${func%% *}
eval $func $cline # Evaluate it.
else
func=$( echo $cspec | sed -e 's/^complete//' -e 's/[^ ]*$//' )
COMPREPLY=( $( eval compgen $func $cur ) )
fi
fi
}
complete -o default -F _meta_comp nohup \
eval exec trace truss strace sotruss gdb
complete -o default -F _meta_comp command type which man nice time
# Local Variables:
# mode:shell-script
# sh-shell:bash
# End:
答案2
我有一个名为的文件~/.LESS_TERMCAP：
export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$(tput bold; tput setaf 2) # green
export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$(tput bold; tput setaf 6) # cyan
export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$(tput sgr0)
export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$(tput bold; tput setaf 3; tput setab 4) # yellow on blue
export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$(tput rmso; tput sgr0)
export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$(tput smul; tput bold; tput setaf 7) # white
export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$(tput rmul; tput sgr0)
export LESS_TERMCAP_mr=$(tput rev)
export LESS_TERMCAP_mh=$(tput dim)
export LESS_TERMCAP_ZN=$(tput ssubm)
export LESS_TERMCAP_ZV=$(tput rsubm)
export LESS_TERMCAP_ZO=$(tput ssupm)
export LESS_TERMCAP_ZW=$(tput rsupm)
然后在我的~/.bashrc：
. ~/.LESS_TERMCAP
尤其是，它使man页面更加丰富多彩。您可以通过硬编码颜色代码来加快速度，而不是使用tput。