当我在 USB 上运行 Ubuntu 11.10 live 时，一切都运行正常。然而，一旦我安装了操作系统，大多数硬件就无法再被识别了。
当我启动 Ubuntu 时，我遇到了许多问题：
触摸板不工作。
只有拔下并重新插入 USB 鼠标后才能检测到它。
未检测到无线网络；网络管理器不提供“连接到无线网络”选项
插入以太网电缆时，可以检测到连接，但自动连接失败。
无声音输出。
我的东芝上网本有 120GB 硬盘、1GB 内存，安装了 Windows XP。安装 Ubuntu 后，创建了一些分区：
sda1: 100GB: working XP
sda2: ~18GB: /
sda3: ~500Mb /boot
sda4: ~2Gb swap
我的所有硬件信息来自lshw：
desuna-toshiba-nb100
description: Notebook
version: PLL10E-00K01YG3
width: 32 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4
configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=Intel_Mobile sku=BasicNB_QS uuid=ED62DDB0-A1CD-11DD-A70E-001E337691EB
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: Portable PC
vendor: TOSHIBA
physical id: 0
version: Base Board Version
serial: Base Board Serial Number
slot: Base Board Chassis Location
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: INSYDE
physical id: 0
version: 1.10
date: 09/15/2008
size: 1MiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 15
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 1GiB
capacity: 1GiB
*-bank
description: DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
product: HYMP112S64CP6-S6
vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics)
physical id: 0
serial: 0x00002123
slot: J2
size: 1GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 533MHz (1.9ns)
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N270 @ 1.60GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 1a
bus info: cpu@0
version: 6.12.2
serial: 0001-06C2-0000-0000-0000-0000
slot: CPU
size: 800MHz
capacity: 1600MHz
width: 32 bits
clock: 533MHz
capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 xtpr pdcm movbe lahf_lm cpufreq
configuration: id=0
*-cache:0
description: L2 cache
physical id: 1b
slot: Unknown
size: 512KiB
capacity: 512KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified
*-cache:1
description: L1 cache
physical id: 1c
slot: Unknown
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back instruction
*-logicalcpu:0
description: Logical CPU
physical id: 0.1
width: 32 bits
capabilities: logical
*-logicalcpu:1
description: Logical CPU
physical id: 0.2
width: 32 bits
capabilities: logical
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: Mobile 945GME Express Memory Controller Hub
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=agpgart-intel
resources: irq:0
*-display:0
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Mobile 945GME Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:17 memory:54280000-542fffff ioport:40f0(size=8) memory:40000000-4fffffff memory:54300000-5433ffff
*-display:1 UNCLAIMED
description: Display controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:54200000-5427ffff
*-multimedia UNCLAIMED
description: Audio device
product: N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1b
bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
version: 02
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:d0000000-d0003fff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:40 ioport:2000(size=8192) memory:53200000-541fffff ioport:50000000(size=17825792)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 02
serial: 00:1e:33:76:91:eb
size: 10Mbit/s
capacity: 100Mbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s
resources: irq:42 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:50010000-50010fff memory:50000000-5000ffff memory:50020000-5003ffff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:41 ioport:1000(size=4096) memory:52100000-531fffff ioport:51100000(size=16777216)
*-network UNCLAIMED
description: Ethernet controller
product: AR242x / AR542x Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express)
vendor: Atheros Communications Inc.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
version: 01
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:52100000-5210ffff
*-usb:0
description: USB Controller
product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:21 ioport:40a0(size=32)
*-usb:1
description: USB Controller
product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:22 ioport:4080(size=32)
*-usb:2
description: USB Controller
product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:20 ioport:4060(size=32)
*-usb:3
description: USB Controller
product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.3
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:23 ioport:4040(size=32)
*-usb:4
description: USB Controller
product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:21 memory:54344400-543447ff
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1e
bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0
version: e2
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
*-ide
description: IDE interface
product: 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: ide bus_master
configuration: driver=ata_piix latency=0
resources: irq:11 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:40c0(size=16)
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7 Family) SATA AHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
logical name: scsi2
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:43 ioport:40d8(size=8) ioport:40fc(size=4) ioport:40d0(size=8) ioport:40f8(size=4) ioport:4020(size=16) memory:54344000-543443ff
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: TOSHIBA MK1252GS
vendor: Toshiba
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: LV01
serial: 88N1C3BIT
size: 111GiB (120GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=442774ea
*-volume:0
description: Windows NTFS volume
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /media/2C5476055475D1D6
version: 3.1
serial: a67d70c4-3fa9-2e41-9d54-9f36cf5d38b5
size: 93GiB
capacity: 93GiB
capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized
configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2008-09-25 01:47:00 filesystem=ntfs modified_by_chkdsk=true mount.fstype=fuseblk mount.options=rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 mounted_on_nt4=true resize_log_file=true state=mounted upgrade_on_mount=true
*-volume:1
description: Extended partition
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
size: 1907MiB
capacity: 1907MiB
capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
*-logicalvolume
description: Linux swap / Solaris partition
physical id: 5
logical name: /dev/sda5
capacity: 1907MiB
capabilities: nofs
*-volume:2
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 3
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,3
logical name: /dev/sda3
logical name: /boot
version: 1.0
serial: b7d7bfa6-ef74-4dd4-b451-cd4322ce0f8a
size: 477MiB
capacity: 477MiB
capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2012-04-15 21:56:27 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/boot modified=2012-04-16 07:11:26 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-04-16 07:11:26 state=mounted
*-volume:3
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 4
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,4
logical name: /dev/sda4
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: 8651c2cb-2331-4e4b-a149-933f101169ac
size: 16GiB
capacity: 16GiB
capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2012-04-15 21:56:55 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2012-04-15 22:23:54 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-04-16 07:11:26 state=mounted
*-serial UNCLAIMED
description: SMBus
product: N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: latency=0
resources: ioport:4000(size=32)
*-scsi:0
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1:8
logical name: scsi6
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
*-scsi:1
physical id: 2
bus info: usb@1:3
logical name: scsi7
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@7:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdc
size: 7509MiB (7873MB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: signature=0005d459
*-volume
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkdosfs
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@7:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdc1
logical name: /media/963B-DA32
version: FAT32
serial: 963b-da32
size: 7503MiB
capacity: 7503MiB
capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0077,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro state=mounted
简而言之，使用 LiveUSB 一切都很好，但安装后，所有硬件都无法工作。我该如何解决这个问题？
答案1
使用 Ubuntu 10.04 LTS 解决了所有问题并且效果很好。