刚刚将我的一台服务器更新到 12.04（从 10.04 开始），Xorg 不再启动，lightdm 或 gdm 也无法启动。
查看 /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log：
X.Org X Server 1.11.3
Release Date: 2011-12-16
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.42-23-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
Current Operating System: Linux murph 3.2.0-23-generic #36-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 10 20:39:51 UTC 2012 x86_64
Kernel command line: root=/dev/md0 ro quiet splash
Build Date: 20 April 2012 05:12:02AM
xorg-server 2:1.11.4-0ubuntu10.1 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
Current version of pixman: 0.24.4
Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Apr 24 10:51:50 2012
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
(EE) Failed to load module "xgi" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) Failed to load module "vesa" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) Failed to load module "xgi" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) Failed to load module "vesa" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) No drivers available.
Fatal server error:
no screens found
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
ddxSigGiveUp: Closing log
Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
因此，它似乎想要使用 xgi 模块进行显示，但是没有找到。lspci 显示我确实有一个 XGI 板载卡：
root@murph:/etc/modprobe.d# lspci | grep VGA
01:03.0 VGA compatible controller: XGI Technology Inc. (eXtreme Graphics Innovation) Z7/Z9 (XG20 core)
这是我的 /var/log/Xorg.0.log：
[130507.662]
X.Org X Server 1.11.3
Release Date: 2011-12-16
[130507.662] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[130507.662] Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.42-23-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
[130507.662] Current Operating System: Linux murph 3.2.0-23-generic #36-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 10 20:39:51 UTC 2012 x86_64
[130507.662] Kernel command line: root=/dev/md0 ro quiet splash
[130507.662] Build Date: 20 April 2012 05:12:02AM
[130507.662] xorg-server 2:1.11.4-0ubuntu10.1 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
[130507.662] Current version of pixman: 0.24.4
[130507.662] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[130507.662] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[130507.662] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Apr 24 10:51:50 2012
[130507.663] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[130507.697] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section.
[130507.697] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[130507.697] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[130507.697] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[130507.698] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[130507.698] (==) Automatically adding devices
[130507.698] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[130507.698] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[130507.698] Entry deleted from font path.
[130507.710] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType,
built-ins
[130507.710] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[130507.710] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[130507.710] (II) Loader magic: 0x7f5268468b00
[130507.710] (II) Module ABI versions:
[130507.710] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[130507.711] X.Org Video Driver: 11.0
[130507.711] X.Org XInput driver : 16.0
[130507.711] X.Org Server Extension : 6.0
[130507.711] (--) PCI:*(0:1:3:0) 18ca:0020:1043:82b4 rev 0, Mem @ 0xf4000000/67108864, 0xfbdc0000/262144, I/O @ 0x0000ec00/128
[130507.711] (II) Open ACPI successful (/var/run/acpid.socket)
[130507.711] (II) LoadModule: "extmod"
[130507.788] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libextmod.so
[130507.878] (II) Module extmod: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[130507.878] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.0.0
[130507.878] Module class: X.Org Server Extension
[130507.878] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[130507.878] (II) Loading extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER
[130507.878] (II) Loading extension XFree86-VidModeExtension
[130507.878] (II) Loading extension XFree86-DGA
[130507.900] (II) Loading extension DPMS
[130507.900] (II) Loading extension XVideo
[130507.900] (II) Loading extension XVideo-MotionCompensation
[130507.900] (II) Loading extension X-Resource
[130507.900] (II) LoadModule: "dbe"
[130507.900] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdbe.so
[130507.905] (II) Module dbe: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[130507.906] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.0.0
[130507.906] Module class: X.Org Server Extension
[130507.906] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[130507.906] (II) Loading extension DOUBLE-BUFFER
[130507.906] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[130507.906] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[130508.032] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[130508.032] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.0.0
[130508.032] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[130508.032] (==) AIGLX enabled
[130508.032] (II) Loading extension GLX
[130508.115] (II) LoadModule: "record"
[130508.115] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/librecord.so
[130508.147] (II) Module record: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[130508.147] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.13.0
[130508.147] Module class: X.Org Server Extension
[130508.147] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[130508.147] (II) Loading extension RECORD
[130508.147] (II) LoadModule: "dri"
[130508.147] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdri.so
[130508.204] (II) Module dri: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[130508.204] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.0.0
[130508.204] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[130508.204] (II) Loading extension XFree86-DRI
[130508.204] (II) LoadModule: "dri2"
[130508.204] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdri2.so
[130508.219] (II) Module dri2: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[130508.219] compiled for 1.11.3, module version = 1.2.0
[130508.219] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
[130508.219] (II) Loading extension DRI2
[130508.219] (==) Matched xgi as autoconfigured driver 0
[130508.219] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1
[130508.219] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[130508.219] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[130508.219] (II) LoadModule: "xgi"
[130508.219] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module xgi
[130508.219] (II) UnloadModule: "xgi"
[130508.219] (II) Unloading xgi
[130508.219] (EE) Failed to load module "xgi" (module does not exist, 0)
[130508.219] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[130508.219] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module vesa
[130508.219] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[130508.219] (II) Unloading vesa
[130508.219] (EE) Failed to load module "vesa" (module does not exist, 0)
[130508.219] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[130508.220] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
[130508.220] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[130508.220] (II) Unloading fbdev
[130508.220] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
[130508.220] (==) Matched xgi as autoconfigured driver 0
[130508.220] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1
[130508.220] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[130508.220] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[130508.220] (II) LoadModule: "xgi"
[130508.220] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module xgi
[130508.220] (II) UnloadModule: "xgi"
[130508.220] (II) Unloading xgi
[130508.220] (EE) Failed to load module "xgi" (module does not exist, 0)
[130508.220] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[130508.220] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module vesa
[130508.220] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[130508.220] (II) Unloading vesa
[130508.220] (EE) Failed to load module "vesa" (module does not exist, 0)
[130508.220] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[130508.220] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
[130508.220] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[130508.220] (II) Unloading fbdev
[130508.220] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
[130508.220] (EE) No drivers available.
[130508.220]
Fatal server error:
[130508.220] no screens found
[130508.220]
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[130508.220] Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[130508.220]
这就是我的 Xorg 诊断技能的范围 - 我对命令行很熟悉，但是自从 ubuntu 之前的黑暗时代以来，我根本没有碰过 Xorg。也就是说，很多年了。
有人可以建议我下一步做什么吗？
谢谢！
答案1
确保您已安装 xserver-xorg-video-sis 包：
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-sis
还要确保它在 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中被正确引用。我认为它在 12.04 中将名称从 xgi 更改为 sis。例如，在 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中有：
Section "Device"
Identifier "XGI - Xabre Graphics Inc Volari Z7"
Driver "sis"
BusID "PCI:5:7:0"
EndSection
更多详情请参阅我的博客：http://www.excession.org.uk/blog/ubuntu-1204-and-xgi-graphics-cards.html