该命令awk -W dump ...生成“类似汇编程序”代码的转储（如图所示这里[链接]，或阅读man)。有些指令很容易猜出它们的含义，例如jz，它是由if语句产生的，并且显然是一个跳零操作说明。但其他人则不然。令人惊讶的是，我找不到对 awk 定义的指令集的引用，这严重限制了此类输出的实用性。
网上有这样的参考吗？
答案1
问题主要是关于mawk，因为它使用字节码解释器，并且问题提到了它的命令行选项，用于在类似程序集的输出中显示字节码。虽然一个最近对 gawk 的更改 (2010)添加了类似的内容，助记符（和命令行选项）有所不同。使用 gawk，您可以使用其调试器来获取（不同的）列表。
没有，没有写参考除了源代码（通常没有解释字节码操作助记符的注释）。
只是为了一个列表，你可以读code.h，在看到拆解过程的同时da.c文件很有帮助。但是，那行动发生在execute.c 但没有教程。
最近进行了一些更改以使输出更容易理解。例如，这里是 mawk 1.3.3ct_length.awk文件：
MAIN
000 omain
001 jmp 084
003 pushs "%s"
005 pushi $0
007 pushd 1
009 pushi i
011 pushd 5
013 add
014 pushint 3
016 substr
018 pushint 2
020 printf
022 f_pusha $0
024 pushi $0
026 pushi i
028 pushd 6
030 add
031 pushint 2
033 substr
035 f_assign
036 pop
037 pushi $0
039 pushc 0xfc2810 /^[ \t]*\(/
041 match
043 jz 078
045 pushs "%s"
047 pushi $0
049 pushd 1
051 pushi RLENGTH
053 pushint 3
055 substr
057 pushint 2
059 printf
061 f_pusha $0
063 pushi $0
065 pushi RLENGTH
067 pushd 1
069 add
070 pushint 2
072 substr
074 f_assign
075 pop
076 jmp 084
078 pushs "($0)"
080 pushint 1
082 printf
084 pusha i
086 pushi $0
088 pushs "length"
090 index
092 assign
093 jnz 003
095 pushint 0
097 print
099 ol_gl
而 20161120 快照显示了正则表达式的有限状态机（接近尾声）：
MAIN
000 . omain
001 . jmp 084
003 . pushs "%s"
005 . pushi $0
007 . pushd 1
009 . pushi i
011 . pushd 5
013 . add
014 . pushint 3
016 . substr
018 . pushint 2
020 . printf
022 . f_pusha $0
024 . pushi $0
026 . pushi i
028 . pushd 6
030 . add
031 . pushint 2
033 . substr
035 . f_assign
036 . pop
037 . pushi $0
039 . pushc 0xbb7998 /^[ \t]*\(/
041 . match
043 . jz 078
045 . pushs "%s"
047 . pushi $0
049 . pushd 1
051 . pushi RLENGTH
053 . pushint 3
055 . substr
057 . pushint 2
059 . printf
061 . f_pusha $0
063 . pushi $0
065 . pushi RLENGTH
067 . pushd 1
069 . add
070 . pushint 2
072 . substr
074 . f_assign
075 . pop
076 . jmp 084
078 . pushs "($0)"
080 . pushint 1
082 . printf
084 . pusha i
086 . pushi $0
088 . pushs "length"
090 . index
092 . assign
093 . jnz 003
095 . pushint 0
097 . print
099 . ol_gl
# regex 0xbb7998
000 . M_START
001 . M_2JA 4
002 . M_SAVE_POS
003 . M_CLASS [\011 ]
004 . M_2JC -2
005 . M_STR "("
006 . M_ACCEPT
使用 gawk 4.x，您可以通过启动其调试器来获取类似的信息，例如，
gawk -D -f cf_length.awk
并告诉它倾倒从命令行。结果如下：
gawk> dump
[ :0x55977de761e0] Op_newfile : [target_jmp = 0x55977de751d0] [target_endfile = 0x55977de751f0]
[target_get_record = 0x55977de75230]
[ :0x55977de75210] Op_no_op :
[ :0x55977de75970] Op_after_beginfile :
[ :0x55977de75230] Op_get_record : [target_newfile = 0x55977de761e0]
# Rule
[ 10:0x55977de77b50] Op_rule : [in_rule = Rule] [source_file = ct_length.awk]
[ 12:0x55977de75310] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 12:0x55977de752f0] Op_field_spec :
[ 12:0x55977de75370] Op_push_i : "length" [MALLOC|STRING|STRCUR]
[ 12:0x55977de752d0] Op_builtin : index [arg_count = 2]
[ 12:0x55977de75270] Op_push_lhs : i [do_reference = false]
[ 12:0x55977de75290] Op_assign :
[ :0x55977de75650] Op_lint : [lint_type = LINT_assign_in_cond]
[ :0x55977de75450] Op_jmp_false : [target_jmp = 0x55977de75810]
[ 14:0x55977de75350] Op_push_i : "%s" [MALLOC|STRING|STRCUR]
[ 14:0x55977de75410] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 14:0x55977de753f0] Op_field_spec :
[ 14:0x55977de75470] Op_push_i : 1 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 14:0x55977de754b0] Op_push : i
[ 14:0x55977de754d0] Op_plus_i : 5 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 14:0x55977de753d0] Op_builtin : substr [arg_count = 3]
[ 14:0x55977de752b0] Op_K_printf : [expr_count = 2] [redir_type = ""]
[ 15:0x55977de75510] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 15:0x55977de75530] Op_field_spec :
[ 15:0x55977de75590] Op_push : i
[ 15:0x55977de755b0] Op_plus_i : 6 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 15:0x55977de75490] Op_builtin : substr [arg_count = 2]
[ 15:0x55977de75430] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 15:0x55977de753b0] Op_store_field :
[ 17:0x55977de75570] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 17:0x55977de754f0] Op_field_spec :
[ 17:0x55977de755f0] Op_push_re : /^[ \t]*\(/
------[Enter] to continue or q [Enter] to quit------
[ 17:0x55977de75550] Op_builtin : match [arg_count = 2]
[ :0x55977de758b0] Op_jmp_false : [target_jmp = 0x55977de75790]
[ 20:0x55977de75630] Op_push_i : "%s" [MALLOC|STRING|STRCUR]
[ 20:0x55977de756d0] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 20:0x55977de756b0] Op_field_spec :
[ 20:0x55977de75730] Op_push_i : 1 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 20:0x55977de75770] Op_push : RLENGTH
[ 20:0x55977de75690] Op_builtin : substr [arg_count = 3]
[ 20:0x55977de75610] Op_K_printf : [expr_count = 2] [redir_type = ""]
[ 21:0x55977de757d0] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 21:0x55977de757b0] Op_field_spec :
[ 21:0x55977de75830] Op_push : RLENGTH
[ 21:0x55977de75850] Op_plus_i : 1 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 21:0x55977de75750] Op_builtin : substr [arg_count = 2]
[ 21:0x55977de756f0] Op_push_i : 0 [MALLOC|NUMCUR|NUMBER|NUMINT]
[ 21:0x55977de75670] Op_store_field :
[ :0x55977de757f0] Op_jmp : [target_jmp = 0x55977de75870]
[ 24:0x55977de75790] Op_push_i : "($0)" [MALLOC|STRING|STRCUR]
[ 24:0x55977de75710] Op_K_printf : [expr_count = 1] [redir_type = ""]
[ :0x55977de75870] Op_no_op :
[ :0x55977de75390] Op_jmp : [target_jmp = 0x55977de75310]
[ :0x55977de75810] Op_no_op :
[ 27:0x55977de755d0] Op_K_print_rec : [redir_type = ""]
[ :0x55977de75890] Op_no_op :
[ :0x55977de75950] Op_jmp : [target_jmp = 0x55977de75230]
[ :0x55977de751f0] Op_no_op :
[ :0x55977de75930] Op_after_endfile :
[ :0x55977de751d0] Op_no_op :
[ :0x55977de75250] Op_atexit :
[ :0x55977de758d0] Op_stop :
gawk> q
如果将两者并排放置，您会看到推送和弹出（因为两者都使用类似的方法来处理堆栈），但除此之外几乎没有相似之处。